tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-289917912024-03-17T11:34:27.675-04:00blogocentrismCommentary on music, books, films, and occasional topicsDonald Brownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06391024449222256377noreply@blogger.comBlogger742125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28991791.post-87709950080889497782023-05-17T13:01:00.009-04:002023-05-18T09:18:13.148-04:00WHATCHA READIN?: WHAT EVER HAPPENED TO MODERNISM? (2010)<p>Grey Matters in New Haven is a fairly new addition to the
city that has changed its character a little. Book Trader, the former primary used
bookstore, stocked mostly trade books—novels of all kinds, biographies, books
on a range of subjects, yes, but not many purely intellectual works. Grey
Matters is more like visiting “the old curiosity shop” and at least some Yale
students I’ve met view it as the means to serendipitous finds, browsing their
way into the byways of texts not on the syllabus.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I say that, but I don’t know for certain. Maybe there are
still theory classes like there were in the ‘90s, but I doubt it. In fact, the
shelves of Grey Matters let me glimpse again what it was like to elbow one’s
way around Micawber Books on Nassau Street in Princeton or Labyrinth Books on
York in New Haven back there at the end of the previous century and the
beginning of this one; even the university bookstores attached to Yale and
Princeton were once full of books! Strange but true. And so you could go in at
any time and expect to find bound copies of the entire works of a considerable
range of authors, or at least the best-known or most oft assigned. And there
were shelves packed with the products of university presses, each proclaiming
that new research and new terminology and new career-making inquiries or late
career-capping retrospectives were as important and timely as whatever latest
celebrity memoir or business, money, love or family How To.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoCqZGHXH8fOzZyf8G4Z0K-kyD0Y-NjKIuYq7DAq07lMnXSee1zvb85WXw5C9YjtL43gxvSzbUkoCv8C4WkWHg5peAudlZqeIDc3D_zAShjNfpYFKqk1HMHy6eiTRatmiLyxOgLTZqKp_c-bQMthPyE4M1ckJbXttGK8E67R12UCjMqyYO4g/s680/grey%20matters.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="510" data-original-width="680" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoCqZGHXH8fOzZyf8G4Z0K-kyD0Y-NjKIuYq7DAq07lMnXSee1zvb85WXw5C9YjtL43gxvSzbUkoCv8C4WkWHg5peAudlZqeIDc3D_zAShjNfpYFKqk1HMHy6eiTRatmiLyxOgLTZqKp_c-bQMthPyE4M1ckJbXttGK8E67R12UCjMqyYO4g/s320/grey%20matters.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal">At Grey Matters, which used to be a clothes store, it’s like
you’re in the attic where all those used student copies from the ‘80s and ‘90s
went to remote storage. Sometimes you’re even faced with a collection curated
from the library of a deceased professorial eminence, a memento mori of texts,
books that may bear an inscription from the author, letting your mind wander
for a moment over conversations and conference meetings and correspondence that
may have gone into a lengthy acquaintance over the course of time needed to
bring an idea to birth as a book. The writer’s life, so very rewarding! And yet
it all seems filmed over with the dust that has long since settled on print
culture, blown in from the long years that have intruded themselves between my
earliest thirties and my dawning mid-sixties.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The students, at play in grandpa’s library of long gone
intellectual heroes, may take what value they find. Me, I’m on the lookout—as sometimes
in used record shops—for this or that find that reminds me there’s room for one
more. Something I passed over before but which now will have its day, suiting
my mood or a quest for a new wrinkle in an old suit of clothes. I’m not that
various, sticking usually with What I Know, but the landscape of that terrain
has altered in sometimes unrecognizable ways by this point. And with books, unlike
music, I don’t feel the same friction of identity. A book can be picked up out
of idle curiosity. Music, less so. Music will need to be inhabited and the
object itself has to have a certain allure or aura. A book—usually I have
“heard of” the author at least—can just be a momentary indulgence.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNS6gP5sSCv8ExmzaNZj-kQ4mnJZvLpqzogncaMbMO4k6BMIwuJMEIko0CjtEmUkQ-cJzmvEcIimHjMGKLTsc_3cncdacSjwRtFFmpRGd8VImk3Qeq72nPiEC-nrgqP_i4X4QuDiXgqLDbudT6OobPJ7yhfBA0_cmiXsRqq_rUFyrCdZrLPA/s1200/whitney_peter_brooks_march_14_2023_1.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="776" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNS6gP5sSCv8ExmzaNZj-kQ4mnJZvLpqzogncaMbMO4k6BMIwuJMEIko0CjtEmUkQ-cJzmvEcIimHjMGKLTsc_3cncdacSjwRtFFmpRGd8VImk3Qeq72nPiEC-nrgqP_i4X4QuDiXgqLDbudT6OobPJ7yhfBA0_cmiXsRqq_rUFyrCdZrLPA/w206-h320/whitney_peter_brooks_march_14_2023_1.jpg" width="206" /></a></div>So it was when I stepped away from a conference celebrating
the career of Peter Brooks (one of those important professors of literature in
my grad school days who is stlll with us, as emeritus, and still producing
books) to browse a bit and let my mind wander: I came upon a Gabriel Josipovici
hardback in clean wrappers—with a Klee on the cover—from Yale University Press:
<i>What Ever Happened to Modernism?</i> (2010). Now, it wasn’t simply that
perhaps elegiac or perhaps jeering or perhaps ironic rhetorical question/title
that got my interest, but also the date of publication. Having recently begun a
new fiction ms. set in 2010, I found the coincidence providential. I’d already
found—from what little I’d written—that an author born in 1937 and so in his
early seventies is holding forth on his views on literature. So why not a quick
acquaintance with what GJ (born in 1940) has to say about that literary and
artistic movement or tendency or aesthetic doctrine that fascinated me so in my
early twenties and became significant to my education and professionalization
(such as it was) from the mid-Eighties to . . . well, yes, about the time of
GJ’s book! For 2010 is just after the Birth of the Smart Phone, and just after
the Big Buy Out, and just two years before my last five week course devoted to <i>Ulysses</i>.
Whatever happened, indeed?<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_dnWNnam7HfJPWd67W565vrvFZxkx3oc530tuDSvFEC-wd1FXYK1Q9EMSzaQQz01RtXZqWX6tFZ7thzjhu0W4TLSbwl52cpCwOI1YAEGy05U6GjmKrYc_cLt1Of4bk3G2UdcptlyI65sgrjFR-TPoy60iUglRDGhuNccVipn2BfuWt4fr0w/s500/9780300165777-us.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="318" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_dnWNnam7HfJPWd67W565vrvFZxkx3oc530tuDSvFEC-wd1FXYK1Q9EMSzaQQz01RtXZqWX6tFZ7thzjhu0W4TLSbwl52cpCwOI1YAEGy05U6GjmKrYc_cLt1Of4bk3G2UdcptlyI65sgrjFR-TPoy60iUglRDGhuNccVipn2BfuWt4fr0w/s320/9780300165777-us.jpg" width="204" /></a></div>The book, it turns out, derives from lectures given in 2007—so
not quite the coincidental chime I’d imagined, but no matter. It’s not as if my
fictional novelist is not drawing on a lifetime of reflection on his art, much
as GJ—a novelist and playwright as well as critic—is doing. In fact, the GJ
book that I seemed to dimly recall as I flipped through this later work was <i>Lessons
of Modernism</i> (1977; 1987), a book that I at least glanced at somewhere
there in my undergrad and/or grad days—1985-94—and so he seemed an old mentor
or former teacher showing up again. Why not? I left with the book.<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Actually, reflecting on it while carrying groceries home
today, I recalled an advisor in grad school mentioning GJ with approval and can
only assume <i>Lessons of Modernism</i> was the text in question; it may be
that she was pointing to his work as insights from a practitioner of fiction
and not simply a critic or scholar. That there was something more at stake for
him that had to do with a dissatisfaction with contemporary fiction, which is
certainly something I was always going on about back then. The period between
the wars had seemed to promise so much for what novels and poems and paintings
could be; GJ is fed up by having the likes of Martin Amis and Iris Murdoch and
Ian McEwan trotted out as worthwhile novelists. Part of the problem is that GJ
is situated in the UK and it’s well known that Modernism didn’t have much
purchase there—especially if you clear out the Americans like Pound and Eliot
or the Irish like Joyce and Beckett. You’ve basically got Woolf, Forster (if
you think so) and Ford Maddox Ford. Lawrence? Well, there you have it. Lawrence
is certainly a modernist in his interests but his methods are pretty much cut
in the good old yarn-spinner’s mode. But I guess there is a syllabus where
Lawrence can sit with “American modernists” like Fitzgerald and Hemingway,
sure. The point is that Modernism—which, because of the last named, throws a
long shadow of influence in the U.S.—doesn’t inspire the next generation much
in the UK. And so GJ imports almost all his examples from Europe and even from
other eras.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">And that’s where I found him on familiar ground—because
arguments about the modernity of <i>Don Quixote</i> and <i>Pantagruel</i> and <i>Tristram
Shandy</i> had all fed into background arguments I’d found useful for what made
<i>Ulysses</i> the unique work it is. Not that GJ is all that keen to deal with
Joyce. He’s much more likely to find figures for his supreme modernist in
Kafka, Beckett, Picasso, Stravinsky, and Borges. He’s also apt to pull in
Robbe-Grillet and Simon and all those French figures who kept the radical
stress on form alive and active in the 1950s and into the 1960s. It’s not that
I’m out to fault GJ for his references; I merely read his book to see how well
what he says jells with my own discontentment with fiction as generally
practiced, looking for maybe the odd apercu that would bounce around in my
brain while at work on what my Jonathan Hawthorn is hawking.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Following the idea that serendipity has its own logic, or at
least that what gets taken up randomly may provide random yet providential
input, the passages in <i>What Ever Happened</i> that appealed most to me came
from Kierkegaard (who I’ve mainly read in quotations, though he seems to be for
GJ the kind of “modernizing thought influencer” that I found in Nietzsche, way
back there in my schooldays), and, which I'll get to first, some quotations
from visual artists that struck me as apropos to my own endeavors in that realm.
The first from—so unlikely a source as to be memorable—Marcel Duchamp, he of
the objets trouvé and source of all that “is it art?” “what makes it art?”
rigamarole that keeps the critics and scholars busy and Duchamp, no doubt, laughing
in his grave:</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">“Choice is the main thing, even in normal painting.”</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh938zKqB5xoncqAk_AVIPGZ0bXuaI6GMGNSH1yZnj4-boErkJZDUi4aRfDNmNe0f2DIPM-Y3yh1XJoztjK4LHL9myuZL548AX5n6i62jB3QwoyicS0nr5VLmlrBpnF1gokMNdCD4tZWpsWeOpr3aJsaxaOC0VTbKxfwzuzSOegY2sDcv7NKQ/s500/E-JNHRQ5_bIv_740x740.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="357" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh938zKqB5xoncqAk_AVIPGZ0bXuaI6GMGNSH1yZnj4-boErkJZDUi4aRfDNmNe0f2DIPM-Y3yh1XJoztjK4LHL9myuZL548AX5n6i62jB3QwoyicS0nr5VLmlrBpnF1gokMNdCD4tZWpsWeOpr3aJsaxaOC0VTbKxfwzuzSOegY2sDcv7NKQ/w143-h200/E-JNHRQ5_bIv_740x740.jpg" width="143" /></a></div>For Duchamp: what object to choose and what to do with it? In “normal painting” (which is I guess what I
do), “what size,” “what orientation,” “what surface,” “what colors,” “what
brushes,” “what ‘object’ or ‘subject’ or ‘image’” . . . notice how the second
we move away from tangibles—the materials that are used to make the art object
I’m making (called “a painting”) we get bogged down. Is the object I’m making a
depiction of some other object (the “object” of my attention—in my case, often
a photograph or photographs I’ve chosen), or is it a depiction of a “subject”—as
in a topic or theme? Or both? And is the ”choice” of an image to depict—based on
photograph or image of a painting or some other kind of visual source—the start
of the object I’m making or is it not really “an image” until I’ve done
something with it? The good news is that—in order to paint—I don’t have to care
at all! I’ve only got to make my choices and get busy, which is what I like
about Duchamp’s statement. I don’t even have to choose how I want to talk about
the painting really. (I’m still put-off by the fact that what I’m doing while I’m
at work on the ”piece” is called “painting” and that when I’ve stopped work on
it, it is now called “A painting.” The point seems to me to be that “painting”
is what you do (as in: applying paint to a surface), and the thing you achieve
is a painted surface and we should have some term for the thing other than that
which designates the act itself. But we don’t. To even call it “a work of art”
is a distortion, since not all will admit that every painting is a work of art,
because “art” has a limited range of applicability, whereas “painting” is a generic
term (it’s a painting, not a drawing, etc.). But then so many works of art aren’t
paintings and the whole problem of “work”—again an activity that gets imported
into the static object at the end of the process—is its own headache.)<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">What this all gets at, to me, is the fact that “the painting”
is never really finished, so “painting” it is because it could go on, but also
it points to the fact that the painting is not a static object at all—though a
photograph of it is. The painting keeps changing—first as the pigments set,
then as they age, and, always, depending on the light and temperature in which
they are situated, they look different to different eyes, which also age and
change. So, if you are at all an aware viewer, you know that you yourself—in terms
of your attention and focus and awareness—are never exactly the same when you
look at the thing. You keep seeing it differently, if you bother to look carefully.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">So, I’ll go with “choice is the main thing” when we’re
talking about making the thing—or appropriating a thing for artistic use. But “choice”
is not the main thing about the “finished thing.” Except to the extent we
become critics and, like GJ, choose our quotations and our examples. So let’s
turn to another quotation I wrote down, this time from Francis Bacon, the
powerful twentieth-century British painter (I’ve seen two retrospectives, one
at Yale British Art Gallery, the other at MoMA), who said, in an interview: “I
believe art is recording; I think it’s reporting.”</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwezfFtfaBL4pDgNQhArOvyGGT5v5W_ZImVpuI4cW24hKCMrqUHFf_Lhwr_27NcsXE8C6ZCAjlGo3fBeAp2XxyfSzcGzjoXXDNQR6EUQs_YxBWmA5NAy3SzWU6eI8SXbt5Ra9TPApMAkKXevBv9wcN_9XxCPjxFPWGVZTDGdlT6UhHRoVsCw/s820/89492.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="820" data-original-width="600" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwezfFtfaBL4pDgNQhArOvyGGT5v5W_ZImVpuI4cW24hKCMrqUHFf_Lhwr_27NcsXE8C6ZCAjlGo3fBeAp2XxyfSzcGzjoXXDNQR6EUQs_YxBWmA5NAy3SzWU6eI8SXbt5Ra9TPApMAkKXevBv9wcN_9XxCPjxFPWGVZTDGdlT6UhHRoVsCw/w234-h320/89492.jpg" width="234" /></a></div>Now, the context for Bacon’s statement is he’s explaining
why he doesn’t care much for abstract, non-representational painting, but also
why his style of painting—which is truly unique and a significant achievement for
twentieth-century painting—isn’t simply “illustration.” In other words, even as
great a painter as Bacon has to worry about what the hell he’s doing. It’s not
enough to just be a great painter and get on with it. No, you’ve got to carve
out some space between those who believe all representational imagery is “illustration”
(clearly, an “applied arts” and not “fine arts” region) and those for whom “abstraction”
is built into the very nature of painting since the point of the procedure is
not to make an exact copy of some already existing thing but to alter it
according to a method, style or manner. Bacon has a definite style, manner, and
method and it should be enough to have those things and so be discussed for what
those things, in his case, bring to the table. But Bacon, in trying not to just
dump on shaping colors on canvas for the sake of visual effect as an end in
itself, has to take on a dimension that matters to him (and to me): “recording
. . . reporting.” As in: his paintings have “subject matter.”<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">At the outset though I want to say that I believe that any
kind of painting is recording and reporting. An artist of abstract painting is
recording and reporting too. It’s just that what they record and report doesn’t
take the form of a representational image, and so the “report” is something you
have to work to intuit. But the point is that, even with a representational
image you recognize at once—Christ’s nativity, say, or a Rembrandt
self-portrait—you have to work to intuit the “report.” Because the report is how
the painting is a painting. It’s always a report on what was made. Now, with a
more abstract canvas the record is really just the record of what got painted,
and that’s what makes abstract painting so satisfying as an object: there’s
nothing but the painting as painting to be concerned with. But the kind of “recording"
Bacon means has to do with the artist as a person who exists in time and so
wants to leave a record of that—which may take the shape of a series of non-representational
paintings, or which make take the shape of a series of faces or places or animals
or what-you-choose.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrlpp_de3doYgi5ytWfpHWFycG7pdTK_-KqNMrNMs-ljUisvJ4POQGdYzAhiVTlCGc41nZDjP8H5IIxrCoQwnW4GhiaMLrUbJySzHCmv2B7DUDqDyo-DYb850X9KmxRUumR8bThkydtrozmPOUNRxevzVvjXQ_BxEJq4iwkxqw-Nhz47vnEg/s3967/Philly%20Days%205%20Tim%201979_edited.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3967" data-original-width="3120" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrlpp_de3doYgi5ytWfpHWFycG7pdTK_-KqNMrNMs-ljUisvJ4POQGdYzAhiVTlCGc41nZDjP8H5IIxrCoQwnW4GhiaMLrUbJySzHCmv2B7DUDqDyo-DYb850X9KmxRUumR8bThkydtrozmPOUNRxevzVvjXQ_BxEJq4iwkxqw-Nhz47vnEg/s320/Philly%20Days%205%20Tim%201979_edited.jpg" width="252" /></a></div>And so, for my projects of “renderings,” I felt implicated. Since
I have one series, called “Philly Days,” in which I choose scans of photos
taken in the period when I lived in Philadelphia (1979-83) and make them the basis
of paintings: “for the record,” so to speak. That was. Now I’m reliving it (not
just recording but reliving because the whole time I’m painting I’m in some
space not wholly contained by the here and now). <p></p><p class="MsoNormal">Then there’s a series called “21st
Century Studies” from photos taken in the 21st century, which, because the
pictures chosen are at most 23 years old, feel more immediate and so a “report”
on life in the 21st century, so far. In both series, I’ve so far drawn only
from my own “circles”—of friends and families, but the “reporting” on the 21st
century could go on into other areas. </p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmJGswlyUmp6_vOH6ARnUDa8I8nRgNCwDDE4wVrPGV196beekeUcZVxYRKxILwa951_RCYjQycHwUxoQhSjU5e8mMeu7tXNI4CNNvE1lSqkKdyThYnFyIoEj8qF-Jsu3DHkRvtQocGawHIAQFQBcZEAagVlnxIImkw4Ycg8x4wTctkFsz4Sw/s3991/21st%20century%20studies%203%20Jerry%202013.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3159" data-original-width="3991" height="253" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmJGswlyUmp6_vOH6ARnUDa8I8nRgNCwDDE4wVrPGV196beekeUcZVxYRKxILwa951_RCYjQycHwUxoQhSjU5e8mMeu7tXNI4CNNvE1lSqkKdyThYnFyIoEj8qF-Jsu3DHkRvtQocGawHIAQFQBcZEAagVlnxIImkw4Ycg8x4wTctkFsz4Sw/s320/21st%20century%20studies%203%20Jerry%202013.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />Much like the “recording of what was”
has: I’ve also commenced two series that allow me to “record” images that “stand
for” certain influences in my early life: one I call “Pop Figures,” which so
far consists of a rendering of James Joyce and his book <i>Ulysses</i>, painted for
its centenary; a rendering of the photo of The Beatles on the cover of <i>The
Beatles For Sale</i> (1964); a rendering of a composite of stills of Boris Karloff
as ‘the Creature” in the original film of <i>Frankenstein</i> (1931). <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3Xipv-SjA2bXawKX26elq-DSVOnqfVc1Xat-yNrS-dQAyLZLnvxS1Bb390pDXwOxhQjR1Xi2Dlpj-DlvppI0a2e-WmTl33JX9eheEdl3QZs0haHbB3yyy98aY8Y825gaVKTsqZs8oAJdoMT1hBnKCdFPUlP1RBfm-VEXrHFCDNFD7s_wkCQ/s3843/DSC_1556_edited.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3843" data-original-width="3003" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3Xipv-SjA2bXawKX26elq-DSVOnqfVc1Xat-yNrS-dQAyLZLnvxS1Bb390pDXwOxhQjR1Xi2Dlpj-DlvppI0a2e-WmTl33JX9eheEdl3QZs0haHbB3yyy98aY8Y825gaVKTsqZs8oAJdoMT1hBnKCdFPUlP1RBfm-VEXrHFCDNFD7s_wkCQ/w156-h200/DSC_1556_edited.jpg" width="156" /></a></div><p class="MsoNormal">The other, related, series is called “Masters Revisited” in
which I take an image of a painting by a master painter and submit it to my
style of rendering; so far I’ve done a study of the mother and children in
Michelangelo’s Flood sequence on the Sistine Chapel; a study of a Madonna and
child by Raphael; a reconfiguring of the “muse of history” model in Vermeer’s <i>The Art of Painting</i>, complete with images of places of personal relevance on the
map behind her; and a painting done from a lithograph by Delacroix—actual illustrations
for Goethe’s <i>Faust</i>—depicting Faust and Mephistopheles on horseback.</p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6cyEAdHmGVJ_cb8b8aCHSPXYX3hSBeIyqayEPNwBJOplZ5ycyFew5C4hSQkcUisqH7Bwj46DXvf8mwwZaC_U3rkq67nCBMYY2qyAp2tBnGZ4hz3a1i9mo9tlIUDdiiYVXGdDwsKW0N8EeU8Jo7ekXY5awB9y0t3BeO1cV-eNJWHgHBuetaw/s2404/DSC_1575_edited_edited.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2404" data-original-width="1899" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6cyEAdHmGVJ_cb8b8aCHSPXYX3hSBeIyqayEPNwBJOplZ5ycyFew5C4hSQkcUisqH7Bwj46DXvf8mwwZaC_U3rkq67nCBMYY2qyAp2tBnGZ4hz3a1i9mo9tlIUDdiiYVXGdDwsKW0N8EeU8Jo7ekXY5awB9y0t3BeO1cV-eNJWHgHBuetaw/w316-h400/DSC_1575_edited_edited.jpg" width="316" /></a></div><br />So, the final point: because I’m nothing like so great a
painter as Bacon I don’t mind at all that what I do be considered “illustration.”
In fact, I think that, if Bacon pushed a bit harder on his language, he’d see
that “recording and reporting” simply means—in one sense, at least—<i>illustrating</i>
one’s point. One puts up images when words fail or when—perish the thought!—they
are utterly irrelevant to the act of looking. Even better than the act of
looking is the act of painting.<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Then there’s the act of writing (as opposed to reading) but
more on that next time . . . </p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>Donald Brownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06391024449222256377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28991791.post-51749140439863333242022-10-10T14:07:00.003-04:002023-05-17T15:38:59.104-04:00IN COMMON SPACES: ARTSPACE 2022 OPEN SOURCE FESTIVAL<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzW_D0Wbmwzqg9y8NfNTeqoBRkmFAJXwwDdk5nV8Q7J6ynArqqIZ2dBaadSOAgK04Eqgj34sSP2QtVZo3_YXyUGsG3ZTPMRA6FYD7eX2827LRqooHpl6h0sC4M7PneWsI_4H_UPgJINCzghFmKgcTDIYW5TRRpL6k64laluRd3AIena83sMQ/s1201/OpenSource2022_ArtistToolkit_Postcard_Weekend2.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="801" data-original-width="1201" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzW_D0Wbmwzqg9y8NfNTeqoBRkmFAJXwwDdk5nV8Q7J6ynArqqIZ2dBaadSOAgK04Eqgj34sSP2QtVZo3_YXyUGsG3ZTPMRA6FYD7eX2827LRqooHpl6h0sC4M7PneWsI_4H_UPgJINCzghFmKgcTDIYW5TRRpL6k64laluRd3AIena83sMQ/w640-h426/OpenSource2022_ArtistToolkit_Postcard_Weekend2.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b>Artspace Open Sources 2022</b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">This year Artspace’s Open Studios permits in-person showing
of art in a public space. I’ll be located in the Creative Arts Workshop at 80 Audubon Street, New Haven, on Saturday, October 29, and Sunday, October 30 where some
samplings of my paintings will be on display. Here are the nine photos I
submitted this year that are now uploaded to the Artspace site <a href="https://artspacenewhaven.org/os_contributors/donald-brown/" target="_blank">here</a>, and I
suspect most of these will show up, and possibly others, while I’m in situ.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>1. Philly Days 1: Mary + Kajsa 1981 (March, May, October
2020), 30x24 stretched canvas</b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjB9WTkEpqjXpY_jJfOm6zJ9wm9CHWbioiimQta0iorkkrs_tlhR96e2j2uORwMeCeYJxMWbAzSspmsIHRaykrYMXDlLrQWcrpcuDi5k53-jG9OVA96ge-dNGNU6C0ipL5GpU3gwabY7K8eAZQpT7WN51yTuN2yT6CXkCQw2VO2OH-AOgjgpQ/s4000/Philly%20Days%201%20Mary%20+%20Kajsa_edited.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3175" data-original-width="4000" height="509" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjB9WTkEpqjXpY_jJfOm6zJ9wm9CHWbioiimQta0iorkkrs_tlhR96e2j2uORwMeCeYJxMWbAzSspmsIHRaykrYMXDlLrQWcrpcuDi5k53-jG9OVA96ge-dNGNU6C0ipL5GpU3gwabY7K8eAZQpT7WN51yTuN2yT6CXkCQw2VO2OH-AOgjgpQ/w640-h509/Philly%20Days%201%20Mary%20+%20Kajsa_edited.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br />The painting is based on a photo from 1981 showing my wife,
Mary, and our newborn daughter, Kajsa, on a summer morning in 1981 in
Philadelphia. The point of the rendering is to capture the light, as the photo
did, but where the conversion factor into paint is determined by the feelings
and perceptions of the moment. This is still my most painterly production where
there is some evidence of painting “for the sake of” painting. Favorite
features: the cut-off jeans, the reflected light in the diaper, and the central
creases in the background pillow. Theme song: “<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7yFcMKYId-k" target="_blank">In the Summertime</a>” by Bob Dylan
(1981)<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>2. 21<sup>st</sup> Century Studies 1: Kajsa in Norway
2015 (July-November 2021), 16x20 stretched canvas</b></p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2A0VbLpb6Ef7f56bsZMa7qN6C7Gn6rKCRS5ZAuMZttofoPsoR9Od5qMsSFbbPfU0VtsGq4wYWmhOhF_IVYnOP-nKE3zhgx7b6i8lChAGVMRxaOGXdgCEBjlfyVFvpjWo_6MnJ-TZMaKx26NWYzx3Efuw7rZObIdzaAmrViv4v2rIcPFUvAg/s4000/21st%20century%20studies%201%20Kajsa%202015_edited.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3194" data-original-width="4000" height="512" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2A0VbLpb6Ef7f56bsZMa7qN6C7Gn6rKCRS5ZAuMZttofoPsoR9Od5qMsSFbbPfU0VtsGq4wYWmhOhF_IVYnOP-nKE3zhgx7b6i8lChAGVMRxaOGXdgCEBjlfyVFvpjWo_6MnJ-TZMaKx26NWYzx3Efuw7rZObIdzaAmrViv4v2rIcPFUvAg/w640-h512/21st%20century%20studies%201%20Kajsa%202015_edited.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;">Based on a photo I took of Kajsa in Norway amidst our northern European cruise in 2015, the painting aims for a harmonious rendering of foreground subject and background landscape. Since I hadn’t really tried to render landscape before, this was an experiment in how I’d work from a source much more detailed than I wanted to deliver, while avoiding Impressionism. I think I sort of managed it. It’s also</span><span style="text-align: left;">, for me, unusual to render a profile, which I didn’t quite get accurately though the finished painting is “like” Kajsa. Favorite feature: Kajsa’s jacket. Theme song: “</span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ply7NbgxYpM" style="text-align: left;" target="_blank">Goodnight, Oslo</a><span style="text-align: left;">” by Robyn
Hitchcock & the Venus 3 (2009)</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><b>3. 21<sup>st</sup> Century Studies 2: Max in Hamden 2021
(July-October 2021), 22x28 stretched canvas</b></p></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcztHqwsu3MLCap0kNtzoV-ne29OedWHC9AyR1PxOtgvjdW0pquy0hBewKCXWeHJXv_3O1bCdP96K6fDnVIr0IL241xKnHmhnPh5cHjUuFWMVSE5sP6ec-yovJaAyNCVimiUpf3Ar5ip0VMUcZ_9x9coTkRemKVdr_X2Jk51bKKnGmjZexJQ/s4000/21st%20century%20studies%202%20Max%202021.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4000" data-original-width="3109" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcztHqwsu3MLCap0kNtzoV-ne29OedWHC9AyR1PxOtgvjdW0pquy0hBewKCXWeHJXv_3O1bCdP96K6fDnVIr0IL241xKnHmhnPh5cHjUuFWMVSE5sP6ec-yovJaAyNCVimiUpf3Ar5ip0VMUcZ_9x9coTkRemKVdr_X2Jk51bKKnGmjZexJQ/w498-h640/21st%20century%20studies%202%20Max%202021.jpg" width="498" /></a></div><br />Mary’s grandson Max visited us in January 2021 and posed for
a photo in our sunroom. That’s the basis for this painting which tries for a
looser interpretation than the previous two, if only in response to Max’s youth
(age 20) and attitude. The likeness isn’t as precise as I might like but then
again I’m deliberately trying not to be too slavish to photo reality in these
renderings. Favorite feature: Max’s jacket where the force of some of the
strokes on the sleeves is shown by residual swipes I chose to leave in. Theme
song: “<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WU4eUByUBqE" target="_blank">Snowblind</a>” by Black Sabbath (1972)<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>4. Philly Days 3: MEM 1980 (October 2021), 18x18 gesso
board</b></p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjb-XTB0d7lUQ2lgz8srmF4H34ZS2OQ3ICaIZ6NjxCA6ZhB6Lr8pr0sjTUK7no1Zh2wMS_pkxR-mZk35A05ZOS-y4Zbp4wMMDlx8gnJObu3ZPJ6PyNxnc1HVTwEhBFn0-ogeLw8wUI9rPa9ZV00S2YDrmUDoNP0LyO-oeEPjCFktCeHFdW9sg/s3895/Philly%20Days%203%20MEM%201980.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3816" data-original-width="3895" height="393" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjb-XTB0d7lUQ2lgz8srmF4H34ZS2OQ3ICaIZ6NjxCA6ZhB6Lr8pr0sjTUK7no1Zh2wMS_pkxR-mZk35A05ZOS-y4Zbp4wMMDlx8gnJObu3ZPJ6PyNxnc1HVTwEhBFn0-ogeLw8wUI9rPa9ZV00S2YDrmUDoNP0LyO-oeEPjCFktCeHFdW9sg/w400-h393/Philly%20Days%203%20MEM%201980.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p class="MsoNormal">The photo of Mary in our first Philadelphia apartment in the
spring of 1980 is, as one friend said, “mesmerizing” in terms of the gradations
of light on her face. I didn’t do a bad job rendering them though I’ve
simplified the photo—as for instance the painting in the background, which is
Vermeer’s “Girl in a Red Hat” but which I’ve changed to a kind of modernist
portrait. In a way that sets the tone of what I’d like to get to eventually.
Theme song: “<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TU3-lS_Gryk" target="_blank">Dreaming</a>” by Blondie (1979)</p><p class="MsoNormal"><b>5. Philly Days 4: DB, PAFA 1983 (November 2021-January
2022), 22x28 stretched canvas</b> </p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg14Y3k9Uz4Gn4qgcKiymBOSoF2wmmSipg5RsdaYAaJwNbd91wYF574Mm_6YhRk-1Stgph2g73DU1uabnXy-YAkN-R5OJ4SmSjVRNO1c3od6u8suZisq8Ez7e35GENoUtnFlprM1b548gtIhRXUrpMgZiaXsbi3atAwFkEJF1X8IMytlYWLGw/s4000/Philly%20Days%204%20DB%20PAFA%201983_edited.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4000" data-original-width="3135" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg14Y3k9Uz4Gn4qgcKiymBOSoF2wmmSipg5RsdaYAaJwNbd91wYF574Mm_6YhRk-1Stgph2g73DU1uabnXy-YAkN-R5OJ4SmSjVRNO1c3od6u8suZisq8Ez7e35GENoUtnFlprM1b548gtIhRXUrpMgZiaXsbi3atAwFkEJF1X8IMytlYWLGw/w502-h640/Philly%20Days%204%20DB%20PAFA%201983_edited.jpg" width="502" /></a></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal">A photo of me, taken by a co-worker at the Pennsylvania
Academy of the Fine Arts, on the office stairs (designed by Frank Furness) at
the school door on Cherry Street, has long been a favorite of mine because of
how the light “abstracts” the shapes and details in the shot. In the photo I’m 24
or almost and it’s very near<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the end of
my time in Philadelphia, so the sense of disappearing in broad daylight, as it
were, is the point. Favorite feature: the reflected light at far left and my
left arm. Theme song: “<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nXBDO4LLsTc" target="_blank">Of the Instant</a>” by Gang of Four (1982)</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>6. Philly Days 5: Tim 1979 (January-March 2022), 22x28
stretched canvas</b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSDe5gMr9Rg-zzhsp7FGGzLLfRI7hYL-Cmhb1suh8bGGR2gk00PspNMJp-ig0RXPOlvg9wHtrbTcGNuyhgikvcoBa0YaTDMZE0wpzaTATWQRYAsmvMKPEvWix9fvILySCeTfai00i1Gr9OfiiTaRvEkVwiAfVIyclX58C4C9a7xHbhy9hTmg/s3967/Philly%20Days%205%20Tim%201979_edited.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3967" data-original-width="3120" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSDe5gMr9Rg-zzhsp7FGGzLLfRI7hYL-Cmhb1suh8bGGR2gk00PspNMJp-ig0RXPOlvg9wHtrbTcGNuyhgikvcoBa0YaTDMZE0wpzaTATWQRYAsmvMKPEvWix9fvILySCeTfai00i1Gr9OfiiTaRvEkVwiAfVIyclX58C4C9a7xHbhy9hTmg/w504-h640/Philly%20Days%205%20Tim%201979_edited.jpg" width="504" /></a></div><br />Mary took a black and white photo of Tim, my oldest
friend (since middle school), in August, 1979, a few months before his
twentieth birthday, while he was helping us move into our first apartment, 1931
Callowhill Street, Philadelphia, in a building where he was our upstairs
neighbor. The view out the window was of a parking lot behind the Philadelphia
Public Library on Logan Circle, though in the painting it’s improvised (the
photo’s windows white out). The point: to render this image with a sense of its
present—back then—and my present, looking back. Favorite feature: my rendering
of Tim’s legs, and the aforementioned view out the window, a kind of modernist
fantasy of a neo-classical building. Theme song: “<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CimjfBxHsdY" target="_blank">Cities</a>” by Talking Heads
(1979)<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>7. Famous Faces 1: 2.2.22: James Joyce, <i>Ulysses</i> at
100 (February 2022), 14x18 gesso board</b> </p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTH6vQKp6_Rs5BGC9rRW0_ZlskaM6wrS0hsbgxAS2Ztmd-EzKWpiBvmQb3UnTnCoytuloH54dMx-hYyIsFiaJAkiEPcVXQvdXTK73oVplg-aEUyliLqPlDr27mvyfTp71V4KoKjj82GQ_dUkEfBDxGHAz6UnXv49aQ484UT-cT7mncccRM6A/s4000/Famous%20faces%201%20Joyce%20Ulysses%20at%20100.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3085" data-original-width="4000" height="309" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTH6vQKp6_Rs5BGC9rRW0_ZlskaM6wrS0hsbgxAS2Ztmd-EzKWpiBvmQb3UnTnCoytuloH54dMx-hYyIsFiaJAkiEPcVXQvdXTK73oVplg-aEUyliLqPlDr27mvyfTp71V4KoKjj82GQ_dUkEfBDxGHAz6UnXv49aQ484UT-cT7mncccRM6A/w400-h309/Famous%20faces%201%20Joyce%20Ulysses%20at%20100.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal">During my time in Philadelphia, one of my big obsessions was
James Joyce’s <i>Ulysses</i> which I first read in 1980; eventually I became a
bit of a Joyce scholar, writing a thesis on <i>Finnegans Wake</i> and a
doctoral thesis that included a chapter on Joyce’s novels, as well as teaching <i>Ulysses</i>
to undergraduates in Yale Summer Sessions on six different occasions from 2002
to 2012. So when <i>Ulysses</i> turned 100 this year I had to commemorate it.
My painting combines a rendering based on a photo of Joyce in his late 30s (he
turned 40 on February 2, 1922, and at his birthday party was presented with the
first bound copy of his great masterpiece) and an image of the original
blue-bound version of the book. My intention was to do this in as few sessions
as possible; it took five, Feb 2, 3, 5, 6, 9. Favorite features: Joyce’s wrist
and forehead. Theme song: “<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rtDy0xQKhBs" target="_blank">Flower of the Mountain</a>” by Kate Bush (2011)—which
takes its words almost wholly from the “Molly Bloom monologue” at the close of
the novel.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>8. 21<sup>st</sup> Century Studies 3: Jerry by the
Delaware, New Castle 2013 (May 2022), 16x20 stretched canvas</b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnQ2ll-N5wwd-b6JkXAS8BNUa3ePAaxIPYfyjOmcNlSOuSd7EcNG1EdTxVDQJUcWhp6mV-yG5XKBMjzACd10pZcdQperVSelj9HCR2qCj9ngnGpkHcyRouMhffSNdK7KLj3qtDmAFzraUNaSstlwSTP_DMwx-WKVEQFaH4qWT0nOXiyOMiCg/s3991/21st%20century%20studies%203%20Jerry%202013.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3159" data-original-width="3991" height="506" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnQ2ll-N5wwd-b6JkXAS8BNUa3ePAaxIPYfyjOmcNlSOuSd7EcNG1EdTxVDQJUcWhp6mV-yG5XKBMjzACd10pZcdQperVSelj9HCR2qCj9ngnGpkHcyRouMhffSNdK7KLj3qtDmAFzraUNaSstlwSTP_DMwx-WKVEQFaH4qWT0nOXiyOMiCg/w640-h506/21st%20century%20studies%203%20Jerry%202013.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal">Back to photos from the 21st century: in this case, my
younger brother Jerry, the year he turned 50, by the banks of the Delaware in
Battery Park, New Castle, Delaware, our hometown. The month is August, my birth
month, and the painting combines a photo of Jerry by the river with a photo of
boats on the river, to create a kind of a companion piece to Kajsa by the fjord
in Norway. In this case, the light on Jerry and the clouds in the sky are my
favorite features, and just feel like Delaware to me. Theme song: “<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KusWM9AKfZg" target="_blank">June Hymn</a>” by The Decemberists (2011)<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>9. 21<sup>st</sup> Century Studies 4: Mary in Hamden
2016 (May 2022), 18x18 gesso board</b><o:p></o:p></p>
<div style="border-bottom: dotted windowtext 3.0pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0in 0in 1pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: dotted windowtext 3.0pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-07jKUgHe0RJIjg956dSDWSoGKA-5LiyMNXTVmwHnq1PiO36mc8OydWp-i1peBN-vIDlW-9E4GLwXzpBdtBatHGgUJdya0SF_Q6jPi4mWMuBRwTS0GsbHZeA5A-uBgEd9Vx7c3GqWDMyrpAZjrZLlId4orfogG1cSDHv7QQf8H4-FB2SCTg/s3756/21st%20century%20studies%204%20Mary%202016.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3740" data-original-width="3756" height="638" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-07jKUgHe0RJIjg956dSDWSoGKA-5LiyMNXTVmwHnq1PiO36mc8OydWp-i1peBN-vIDlW-9E4GLwXzpBdtBatHGgUJdya0SF_Q6jPi4mWMuBRwTS0GsbHZeA5A-uBgEd9Vx7c3GqWDMyrpAZjrZLlId4orfogG1cSDHv7QQf8H4-FB2SCTg/w640-h638/21st%20century%20studies%204%20Mary%202016.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br />Clearly, I tend to find photos
of Mary worthy of rendering. This one she took herself (somehow) in the
backyard of our home in Hamden, early in our residence there, as a self
portrait for a photography class. My rendering deliberately went for a certain
minimalism while remaining true to the dramatic lighting. Favorite features:
the jacket on the left hand side and hand on the hat, and the jeans. It’s taken
awhile, but I think I prefer the painting to the photograph now. Theme song:
“<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DDPqNMQxSIo" target="_blank">Sins of My Youth</a>” by Tom Petty & the Heartbreakers (2014)<p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: dotted windowtext 3.0pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in; padding: 0in;">More paintings may appear as I get photos of them . . .</p></div><p></p>Donald Brownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06391024449222256377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28991791.post-52608930906853196952022-02-18T14:09:00.007-05:002022-07-14T06:56:56.437-04:00THE TAROT TAPES, Side 2: XIX THE SUN<p></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEif3j0oHL6s05Ru574waRZqv0IbJBVoS4BSYU_qjqteX2ed7vaT11uvOcAocFXIBbipORgHIIwu1GLS9PdNfnv6EyhVUhkF4j5cP6Zp9ozsTPCBMXxrLxARJ-i8P_jQYLHwsXJVGP8b6nXFVVoGBRFn4Za_F5OdWDhJu0Zwpz45H011U2zwXA=s2942" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2942" data-original-width="2295" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEif3j0oHL6s05Ru574waRZqv0IbJBVoS4BSYU_qjqteX2ed7vaT11uvOcAocFXIBbipORgHIIwu1GLS9PdNfnv6EyhVUhkF4j5cP6Zp9ozsTPCBMXxrLxARJ-i8P_jQYLHwsXJVGP8b6nXFVVoGBRFn4Za_F5OdWDhJu0Zwpz45H011U2zwXA=w313-h400" width="313" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ethos 2: XIX The Sun (2020) upper panel</td></tr></tbody></table>The title of this one could be “waiting for the Sun God” in
the sense that the Sun has associations with the Big One, the God of not only
our Solar System but of the entire Universe. In other words, the primeval sense
of the Sun as lording it over our world, controlling it—which was the case even
when humans mistakenly believed that the Sun rotated around the Earth. The
relation of the Earth to the Sun, however one positions them in the heavens,
equates the Shining One with light, truth, godliness, and our planet of earth
and water with a nature that might be able to be transcended but which seems
doomed to just circle and spin for some indeterminate allotted time. Earth is
existential, we might say. The Sun is too, of course, but we allow it to symbolize
lots of things that aren’t if only because of the vast scale of its energy and the
duration of its existence.<p></p><p>I know enough about Solar Myths to know that there’s good
reason to write Christ into the mix, but I chose not to in my rendering for the
panel. I went for deliberately pagan or classical, pre-Christian, and with a
sense that the Sun God is a bit like Phoebus, a bit like Cupid, a brat we might
say—you know, Phoebus Apollo killed the Python while still a baby and then
became a seer. My feeling for the Sun God could be described as ambivalent, I
guess, since the Sun, while it makes life possible on this planet, could also
make life unbearable here, as it is—in my imagination anyway—in certain climes
at certain times. I’m not a sun-worshipper, much, and so I wedded my Sun Child,
rather enamored of looking at himself in a hand-mirror, with a desert
wasteland, even as he sports with corn and sunflowers in his own little bubble.
The “sun story” I got into as a kid, reading Greek myths, was of the son of
Helios, Phaeton, who insisted his old man let him drive the sun chariot through
the sky. Kid couldn’t handle the horses and the earth got badly scorched. Zeus
had to knock the little jerk out of the sky with a lightning bolt.</p><p>Choosing songs for the panel’s tape side should be pretty
simple. Search for all the songs with “sun” in the title and slap ‘em together
in some semblance of order. Yup. But then, it’s the ordering of the examples
that leap to mind that makes for our Sun saga. And two tracks don’t even have
“sun” in the title, so the process may still be a bit associative . . .</p><p>Two songs on the side I’ve known since I was ten; my
familiarity with most of the songs date from my teens, though there’s a key
pair from my twenties and another pair from my forties, which is I guess a way
of attesting that “the Sun” inspires a youthful disposition, or at least a cyclical
view of nature acquired in youth—it comes up, it goes down; it’s summer, it’s
winter, and so on. The listing is track # on the tape, title, artist, album it
appeared on, date, composer, and, for the bio, the age (sometimes approximate)
I was when I first heard the song, followed by the number of years, roughly,
I’ve known the song as of this writing.</p><p>The point of the songs, often, is to ponder our relation to
the Sun when we are most aware of its influence, whatever we may want it to
mean. Here, in Ethos, it’s the sense of abundance, not of a Sun God who can do
things to you—like Apollo often does—out of whim, but of a Good that just can’t
help but shine and radiate and warm you up when you need it. As Nietzsche’s
Zarathustra says, at the start of the Prologue, speaking to the Sun: “You great
star, what would your happiness be had you not those for whom you shine?” He
speaks to the Sun as, like him, overfull with wisdom and joy, spiritual goods
which must be shared with the world. That sense of the Sun is needful, I’d say,
for its part in the Ethos of the artist. Why make art at all if it’s not a
question of sharing what talent dictates? The Sun, then, might be the god of
that endeavor, the unchecked radiation that creates or makes vision possible.<b><o:p> </o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>B. Ethos 2: XIX The Sun (May 2020)</b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>B1 Waiting for the Sun—The Doors (</b><i style="font-weight: bold;">Morrison Hotel</i><b>, 1970;
Jim Morrison) 18: 44 yrs<br /></b>In the history of my listening, this song dates to the
winter/spring of my first year after graduating high school. I was eighteen and
working a dead-end, fast-food job. The spirit of this song—“at first flash of
Eden we race down to the sea”—was one of those “consummation devoutly to be
wished” situations. When it got warm, it would be possible to go to the beach.
And one thing I associate with staying surfside is the prospect of getting up
at dawn to watch the sun rise over the ocean. That, friends, is the basis of
most of my poetic associations with the Sun. As Rimbaud says so well (even in
translation): “It is recovered. What? Eternity, in the whirling light of the
sun on the sea.” And, yes, it was in high school I learned he’d said that,
thanks to Paul Schmidt’s recent translation. In my senior year, I became fascinated
by The Doors though Jim Morrison had been dead seven years. Those first two
Doors LPs seemed to promise something new in the possibility of rock poetry and
I was all about that in those days (this was the era of Patti Smith’s first
three LPs—which decidedly picked up on the myth of Morrison).</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The third Doors LP is <i>Waiting for the Sun</i>, but with
no title track. The song with that name appears somewhat belatedly on <i>Morrison
Hotel</i>, their fifth studio LP and a much less stellar effort, though with
some high points, this track being one. It’s the kind of song I easily
transported myself into in those days, gripped by the idea that there should be
these great liminal spaces, such as a beach at dawn, where transformation, if
not transcendence, would be possible. I was deep into a book called <i>The
Transformative Vision</i> and so this song kicks off my side on the Sun with a
glimpse of . . . let’s call it situated symbolism. My situation at 18 was to
believe in the power of the imagination as wielded by visionary poets, and
there were a few such to be found, I believed, in contemporary songwriters.
Which is why I’m inclined to compile tapes of songs as inspiration for
paintings and to write about them.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">And let’s not forget there’s always something dark about The
Doors. They are not a feel-good band. “Waiting for you to come along / Waiting for
you to tell me what went wrong.” That gesture towards the failed experiment of
whatever all those newly released energies of the Sixties were supposed to mean
was the take away for me in those days, all hepped up on Hunter Thompson and
the <i>Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test</i>, <i>A Season in Hell</i>, and still
chipping away at <i>Gravity’s Rainbow</i>. Suffice to say I want my Tarot side
for The Sun to recall that promise of starting out but right at the outset I
have to sound the belatedness of the entire endeavor. “Can you feel it, now
that spring has come / That it’s time to live in the scattered sun?” That
“scattered sun” said it well enough. Something not fully realized, piecemeal,
cast to the wind. Pearls before swine?</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>B2 A Spoonful Weighs a Ton—The Flaming Lips (</b><i style="font-weight: bold;">The Soft
Bulletin</i><b>, 1999; Wayne Coyne, Michael Ivins, Steven Drozd) 40: 22 yrs<br /></b>Then we jump forward to one of the latest songs on the side,
first heard live when my daughter, then starting college, and I sought out and
heard the Flaming Lips on their tour for this LP. Actually we saw them first
when Robyn Hitchcock opened for them, then sought them out on their own right
and KDB got the record and then I heard it. The song is fit for inclusion on
this side because of that great opening: “And though they were sad / They
rescued everyone / They lifted up the sun / A spoonful weighs a ton.”</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Following on The Doors’ “tell me what went wrong,” it’s not
inappropriate to hear this, coming along at the turn of the century, as a kind
of continuation of some of those energies unleashed by the bands of the
Sixties, the ones that were still with me as ‘legacy’ handed on to my kid. The
Flaming Lips, it seemed to me, had imbibed deeply of not a few of the same
kinds of things that made their mark on my musical tastes and so this album was
like the big pay-off. It had a Sixties-revisited feel but with a touch of
post-punk prog—is how I imaged it. And that had great appeal for us, Dad and
Daughter, generationally speaking. “The limits now were none,” “The doubters
all were stunned.” Sure, why not. Total free license of the imagining, a Second
Coming into consciousness (like when your kid goes off to art school because
you didn’t, when you were her age).</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">When I was a kid in the Sixties it seemed that all of youth
had access to a way of meaning that was lost on the elders. It was a flash of
insight or spirit that could simply be the perennial gift of Youth or Sun, but
which seemed caught up in so many things of that time, music not least. To me,
the Lips here recall that “starting out” flame and, with its all-you-need-is
Love gestures (“louder than a gun”) that have the peaceniks singing hosannahs,
it’s like the same anew. Like the sun every morning, no? “A spoonful of sugar
helps the medicine go down” we learned back there in Kiddom, but here a
spoonful of sun sure do weigh a ton . . . like, as we’ll hear later on the LP
(and in this series of tapes), it might be too heavy for even Superman to lift.
But for now, no limits, doubters to the hindmost. The Sun is riz. We high
priests & poets and musicking shamans figured out how to set it up there
like a big special effect spectacle hanging over the birth of Lord Sunshine.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>B3 Here Comes Sunshine—The Grateful Dead (</b><i style="font-weight: bold;">Wake of the
Flood</i><b>, 1973; Jerry Garcia, Robert Hunter) 16: 46 yrs<br /></b>And here he comes! The repeating motif on this side is that
you wait for the sun, or lift it up maybe, and, it comes! It’s there! For real!
End of night, darkness driven away again. And that’s what this song by the Dead
makes me feel. It’s an early morning song, a just got up and got to make my way
somewhere song, bleary and leery of what that might entail. But unbowed,
nonchalant, as mellow about strict fate as only the Dead can be.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I remember with astounding sonic clarity putting this song
on my turntable and listening as the sun lit up the church across the street
and I watched out of the corner of my eye for the school bus I was a-waiting on
the last day ever of my state-mandated education (June 1977), so glad to see it
gone: “you just don’t have to go no more,” Jerry sings with the gleaming tingle
of baptismal benediction. Go in peace, the mess is ended.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">That line and the part about “good to know you got shoes to
wear when you find the floor / why hold out for more” came to me as the mantras
I needed since I had no job prospects, no employable skills or ever-ready
credentials, and I’d had it with whatever the local suburbs unbroken of baleful
New Castle could offer in the ways of culture, work, or vistas. But I did have
shoes on my feet and I liked to walk, and so I’d saunter my way into some kind
of inspiring frame of mind, if only the sun were kind. And here it comes,
creeping up in that lyrical way this song has which always puts me in mind of
the fact that there was a mix of LSD called “Sunshine” back in those days I was
learning to recall fondly by proxy and the way that particular drug had of
creeping up with tingling antennae stretched to receive was certainly part of
the associative logic that binds together our first three oh so trippy bands.
Have some “laughing water” while you’re at it. Justa giggling with those
ticklish rays beamed on its grinning, fluid face.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>B4 Silent Sunlight—Cat Stevens (</b><i style="font-weight: bold;">Catch Bull at Four</i><b>,
1972; Cat Stevens) 13: 49 yrs<br /></b>This song goes further back. Cat Stevens was <i>the</i>
romantic songwriter of the early Seventies when I was transitioning into early
teens from adolescence. He had a great voice and a kind of spiritualized view
of the times, as if a throwback to some pre-industrial era. I always thought of
him as a medieval troubadour type, out of step with the modern world but still
somehow a “pop star.” And that’s exactly the sort of possibility that inhabits
the ethos of artistry, I’d say. You can be of it and apart, simultaneously.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The thematic tie-in of this song is that it speaks of the
day beginning, the “silent sunlight” streaming in, and “the work I must now
begin.” It’s a roll-up your sleeves and get to it song. But there’s also a
lingering recall of the children who “wait to play”—like waiting for the sun,
waiting to play is waiting for a kind of inspiration, as an artist might, but
also for the permission or simply the right moment. To work, to play—to make
them almost the same thing? Art. In any case that was my hope for art when I
first heard that Siren Song pretty steadily during those years, when I was
filling up notebooks with verse and trying to figure out how to use paints.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">And this verse is as satisfying in its simplicity as a poem
should be: “Sleepy horses, heave away / Lift your back to the golden hay /
Don’t ever look behind at the work you’ve done / For your work has just begun /
There’ll be the evening in the end / But till that time arrives / You can rest
your eyes / And begin again.” Certainly I had no idea, then, that modern poetry
was rarely as lyrical as that. What stayed with me was the injunction against
the look back at the work. Keep going forward—every new day is a new beginning
for whatever you’re trying to accomplish. What’s already been done is already gone.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Even now I can hear this song with some belief in that view,
here in “the evening in the end.” True, looking back is often now a disbelief
at how little was done—by me—and how much others accomplished, and not long
after I first made this song’s acquaintance that sense of the enormous pastness
of art and lit would start to become an issue. All the more reason to want to
remember “When all things were tall / And our friends were small / And the
world was new.”</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>B5 Here Comes the Sun—The Beatles (</b><i style="font-weight: bold;">Abbey Road</i><b>,
1969; George Harrison) 10: 52 yrs<br /></b>The next song goes even further back in my trajectory: this
song is from the the first full-length Beatles LP I heard, age 10, 1969. <i>Abbey
Road</i> had that weird B Side of little songlets, but the lead-off song,
Harrison’s, was the most hummable tune on the whole record, so genial and
benign. It’s more Easy Listening than Rock, true, but no one then was going to
tell The Beatles they couldn’t be mellow if they wanted to be, and this
one—with that “sun, sun, sun, here it comes” choral bit—sounds like something
for hippies to bond to. Sun Children, little darling.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The smiles returning to the faces, the ice melting—it’s not
just a new day, it’s a new season. Spring, then summer, so not a song for all
seasons but for the great anticipation of what it means when the sun comes
back, the Sun God exerting his recurrent magic over the land. The song here
takes its cue from the Cat in continuing with that feel of a long ago golden
time. Sure, it’s childhood, for me, not even a teen yet, but it’s also that
sense of a time when simple pleasures—the sun’s back, it’s warm again—were
enough to make life worthwhile. “First flash of Eden,” and all that.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">It was also something to realize—when I got a copy of the
album in the later ‘70s—that there’s a synthesizer on this track, which aligned
the song with those arrangements I loved so much in the prog years featuring
acoustic and electronic instrumentation together. Like the stately piano on Cat
Stevens’ track, the tinkly fingering on the guitar here ushers us into some
kind of Sun Kingdom where all is golden and so, our next track . . .</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>B6 Golden Years—David Bowie (</b><i style="font-weight: bold;">Station to Station</i><b>,
1976; David Bowie) 16: 46 yrs<br /></b>“Don’t let me hear you say life’s taking you nowhere,
angel.” That opening line, the song’s syncopation, Bowie singing tracked with
himself, that “run for the shadows” chorus. “Never look back, walk tall, act
fine.” This song is—to borrow a phrase from the film <i>The Missouri Breaks</i>
(also 1976)—“slicker than snot on a doorknob.” Hard to believe maybe that
anyone thought 1976 and the next few years “golden years” but if you were a
denizen of the discoing demimonde, you’d say Oh Yeah. Bowie’s stepping out, his
pants pleated, his hair slicked back, his moves and his moue all moussed with
liquid strains.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">A relevant question here: if you were Dylan and you’d done the run of
records from 1965 to 1967 . . . then what? And Bowie had already roped us
teen-types in with Ziggy and Aladdin and “Rebel, Rebel,” now what? Coke it up
and cut a rug? Sheesh. Anyway, the song is Dave’s second bona fide U.S. radio
hit in a row (“Fame” made #1; this one #10). He’s hitting the stride of
sounding like the radio likes. But I’m with him on this one—though, at the
time, I gave the <i>Young Americans</i> LP a skip. I’ll accept a blues belter
going white soul, but folky hippy glam guys, no so much. But the sea change
often throws up unexpected creatures and the LP <i>Station to Station</i> is
like that. It’s a sound I go back to often in these days of posthumous Bowie.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">So, celebrate the golden years, however you imagine them,
whenever they may be. “Act fine”—it may be all an act but that’s what makes it
golden, n’est pas? It’s your performance for the statuette. “In the back of a
dream car twenty foot long,” like every just-so starlet, “I’m begging you save
her little soul.” Well, yes, “nights are warm and the days are young” but how
long can that last? About the time you have to run for the shadows is when
maybe you suspect a deal with the devil (“opening doors and pulling some
strings”)—and he’s up there waiting in our five panels for Ethos. “Lost that’s
all.”</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Halfway through the side and we’re remembering the request:
“waiting for you to tell me what went wrong.” Or, what we did wrong?</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>B7 Look into the Sun—Jethro Tull (</b><i style="font-weight: bold;">Stand Up</i><b>, 1969;
Ian Anderson) 18: 44 yrs<br /></b>As the second half of the tape gets underway, we hit this
little trade-off quartet: song from the Sixties (first heard as a teen) then
song from the ‘80s, when I’m in my twenties. One-two, one-two. Makes for a a nice
“step forward, step back” rhythm as we move along here: like saying we’ve gone
from watching the sun rise to seeing it hit its stride, and now we know it’s
bound to be on the wane. The songs themselves play into that dynamic in
interesting ways as well, and none of them are “big songs” (in terms of radio
play) for the artists involved.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">This track from Jethro Tull’s 2nd LP was already a throwback
when I got to know it, post-high school in the late ‘70s. For me, Tull as a big
influence came to its fullest fruition in 1972 with the release of <i>Thick as
a Brick</i> and the retrospective collection <i>Living in the Past</i>. Then,
brought up to speed more or less (including a purchase of <i>Benefit</i>, the
LP immediately preceding <i>Aqualung</i>), I was primed for <i>A Passion Play</i>
(still my favorite), summer of ’73, then the <i>War Child</i> tour when I saw
them live. After which their releases were less appealing and I’d moved on.
Anyway, years later I picked up <i>Stand Up</i> with a sense of wanting to
complete the collection (acknowledging that point when the new stuff isn’t as
good as the old stuff … or just more of that Sixties fetishism which was looming
large in my legend around then).</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The song is an Ian Anderson love song (not too many of them
in <i>my</i> Tull), and what’s more it’s an end of love song, which Dylan is
great at (like “Don’t Think Twice, It’s Alright”) and so the tone of this has
immediate appeal. But it’s on this side because of that “think of all the
things you should’ve done” when you “look into the sun.” Of course, we were
always told not to look directly at the sun and to do that means a certain
risk, and here a willingness to face the truth (always risky). So it’s not what
we did wrong . . . it’s what we didn’t do that we should’ve. We’re still on
that theme, but we’re also basking in a sound—back when Ian was mellow with
more of that stately troubadour vibe—and a feeling that whether she should’ve
stayed with him or not (“remember who and what you nearly had” recalls another
Beatles sun song, “I’ll Follow the Sun”—“you’ll know I was the one”), <i>we</i>
shoulda stayed back there pre-teen in the world of the Beatles and a certain
golden late post-war, pre-recession time.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The “golden years” are passing away from me at the ripe old
age of 18 is what I’m getting at. But then—and this was the feeling the song
gave me when I first heard it, around the same time as “Waiting for the
Sun”—“summer always comes anyway.” Seasons change then change back. Is anything
really over? So let’s set out again at dawn—as Rimbaud does at the close of his
season in hell.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>B8 I Remember the Sun—XTC (</b><i style="font-weight: bold;">The Big Express</i><b>, 1984;
Colin Moulding) 25: 37 yrs<br /></b>Now time for a retrospective glimpse of the sun. Fitting,
since I acquired this song when I was back to living in my hometown not far
from my parents’ house and the schools I attended, even the church, and all
that pastness hovered in the background of the present. To think back to “days
when we had enormous super powers” was easy to do, since the places where I’d
play-acted as a superhero with my kid brothers were nearby. “When I remember
days at school, most of all I remember the sun.” Whether that’s true or not,
Colin Moulding made it so. I can recall, indeed, days in the last stretch of
the schoolyear, May, early June, and walking home in the sun. And walking the
streets barefoot as a child—“tarmac on the road feels soft”—yeah, and very,
very hot.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">So this is a song about the sun when we were kids, about
that period of starting out that took place even earlier than the teens. This,
from an album by these New Wave British guys pushing 30, played into where I
was then as well. My kid still in the midst of her untrammeled childhood (a
year before kindergarten) and all’s right with the world or at least it’s a
time to revisit what childhood is like through the lens furnished by my own starchild.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The song has an odd, lurching sound, and effects that make
it aurally interesting but also a bit off-putting, especially that weird climb
into what are essential lyrics, but hard to get: “Sun that worked on overtime /
Fueled our bodies, kindled fire in our minds”—yes, that “kindled” mind was
already suggested by “I thought a page like it’s written in ink.” That was part
of my childhood and early adolescence too, making things up, inventing,
composing internally, and so, what the Sun is starting to become is a way of
suggesting the Inner Light, the shining inside, the burning beacon of the
Imagination. It pays to remember that, I want to say, want to believe—but
“pays” how, exactly?</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>B9 Set the Controls for the Heart of the Sun—Pink Floyd (</b><i style="font-weight: bold;">A
Saucerful of Secrets</i><b>, 1968; Roger Waters) 14: 48 yrs<br /></b>I might say this song is the heart of this side. It’s not a
particularly “sunny” song, but it fulfills on that idea of “the Sun” as being
both a center of the personal universe, so to speak, and the celestial body
that centers our solar system. The conflation of the two spaces—interstellar
and inner—is the “trip” of this song.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Pink Floyd are one of the trippiest bands ever, having
pioneered a form of rock that can indeed rock but which is more often spacey
and eerie and introspective and even pastoral at times. Here, it’s at its
eeriest and, the first time I heard this song (which was in the summer after
the release of <i>Dark Side of the Moon</i>), it fascinated and hypnotized me.
It’s not that long but it seems like it could go on forever—like how long would
it take to reach (in Waters’ whisper) “the heart of the sun, the heart of the
sun, the heart of the sun”?</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The drum pattern and that little melody that sounds in some
odd way primeval is what does it (like we stumbled onto a tribe of
sun-worshippers). The overlay of electronic sounds is in keeping with the Floyd
as masters of a certain kind of tech that, in those days, was often called
futuristic, as in: that time when acoustic instruments played by people would be
replaced by electronic instruments played by computers. And onstage during this
song the band would walk off leaving Nick Mason, the drummer, to be the human
playing with pre-set sound arrangements. Of course the drum pattern could be
programmed too and free up everyone. Just “set the controls” and head
backstage. There’s a nice irony to it but also a sense that we’re already in
that future where gadgetry prevails and yet, this song is very humanistic:
“love is the shadow which ripens the wine.” Well, I guess.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The point is that the song, with its man who raves and makes
a question to heaven, is one of those “alone with the universe” situations and
the last lines of the last verse sound that note I began this post with:
“Whether the sun will fall in the evening / Will he remember the lesson of
giving?” That lesson of the Sun as simply the heavenly body that can’t help but
light our world, giving us all we need in the way of a livable environment, is
the abundance I was talking about. And knowing that we have this “wheel of
fortune” thing going where we have to turn away from that light and warmth along
a definite track of time, so it “falls” in the evening and we plunge into
darkness, is one of those “awareness of mortality” things that should keep us humble
and human.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In that light, a journey to “the heart of the sun” (besides
suicidal, a real flame-out that even Phaeton didn’t attempt) is a journey to
where the sun never sets. <i>Kennst du das Land?</i></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>B10 Invisible Sun—The Police (</b><i style="font-weight: bold;">The Ghost in the Machine</i><b>,
1981; Sting) 22: 40 yrs<br /></b>And so, though we turn from the sun on our planetary
journey, the sun continues on—invisible, as in this song, which did get some
airplay (it was a single from the LP <i>Ghost in the Machine</i> elsewhere but
not in the U.S.). The Police were pretty much an unavoidable radio staple in
those days and so I rarely bothered to buy their records—you couldn’t help
hearing them, but this album I got and maybe it was because this song wasn’t
available otherwise. I’ve only just now seen the video for it, all centered on
Belfast and the conditions there, and the song begins with a reference—the
Armalite rifle—that is relevant to those scenes. I seem to recall the sense,
hearing the song on the radio, that it had an occasion—a place with a definitely
hostile military presence—but I don’t think I thought of it in terms of a
specific locality.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">As with many songs by The Clash that I was getting to know
in the 1980-82 era, the mood of truculent endurance here was key. “They” were
the ones with the guns and the numbers, “we” were the ones trying to get by and
doing what we could to make things better for the innocent and the oppressed.
And that—not a particular political underground—was the “invisible sun,” the
local and anonymous and not widely publicized acts of kindness and collective
hope. The song makes its case with a sense of sullen survival, with a couplet
that’s one of its best: “I face the day with my head caved in / Looking like
something that the cat brought in.” That resonated with a life on the margins,
sure enough, along with the line that reached out of the radio and grabbed me:
“I don’t ever want to play the part / of a statistic on a government chart.”</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The invisible sun is unfelt in its effects? In any case, it
can’t be measured by that always intrusive government that wants to know where
you live and how much you make and how much energy you use and who your friends
are and their known occupations. There’s a sense too that the sun that burns
on, invisibly, giving us “hope when the whole day’s done” is, like the sun
whose heart we want to reach in the Pink Floyd song, already within us, y’know,
like Jesus’s claim about the kingdom of God.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>B11 That Lucky Old Sun—Johnny Cash (</b><i style="font-weight: bold;">American III:
Solitary Man</i><b>, 2000; Haven Gillespie, Beasley Smith) 41: 21 yrs<br /></b>And that should count as a segue into this gospelly worksong
that dates from 1949. I first heard it, I think, done live by Dylan in one of
his acoustic sets in the 1990s. Johnny Cash, as with so many songs he recorded
with Rick Rubin for the American label, takes it away and makes it his own. As
far as this side goes, it just popped into my head, perhaps conjured up by the ’60s-’80s trade-off I had going: had to jump clear of the clockwork and land .
. . way up there in the dawning 21st century. It’s a song that spoke to the
times in the sense that I was just beginning my forties and so had “paid my
dues” in a sense. Now wanting to “roll around heaven all day” rather than toil
to get somewhere.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">It's a view that sees the Sun as blessed, a kind of detached
and blissful body on its appointed circuit. Rather than talk about its
abundance and all it does for us down here on the ground, the singer sees it as
“lucky” because it’s got “nothin’ to do.” It’s the way you feel about the
weekend, maybe, when you’re in the middle of the week, or summer vacation when
you’re a kid stuck in the doldrums of school, or a wage-slaver looking on at
the retirees who have finally attained that “paradise” imagined as the
cessation of striving. All of which is a way of saying that the song appears
here as the notion of the Sun as above it all, out of the give-and-take and the
ups and downs, stuck only in its circuit and lucky not to have to sweat about
it.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Cash, in his late sixties when he recorded this, sings it
with a somewhat mournful sound in his fervent wish, particularly the plaintive
“lift me . . . to paradise,” which sounds like the prayer of a man who hopes,
to borrow Dylan’s line, “to get to heaven before they close the door.” In any
case, we believe in the hardship of the life and the glance upward to the Sun
as the symbol of an extraterrestrial serenity and fixity. Amen.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>B12 Sunrise—Uriah Heep (</b><i style="font-weight: bold;">The Magician’s Birthday</i><b>, 1972;
Ken Hensley) 13: 49 yrs<br /></b>Now, back to those teen years again, a time when “the Sun,”
to me, was the bright light shed by the literary works I was reading, mostly on
my own dime (as in: unassigned). It was so early in my setting out, I hadn’t
yet reverted to the ’60s’ greats as the beacons to embody, but was still enamored
of hard rock and, soon, prog. Uriah Heep had its place in both those scenes,
and they even took their name from the villain in my favorite Dickens novel, which
I’d already read.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The album of the Heep for me was <i>Demons and Wizards</i>
(which will have its day soon enough, as we’re moving toward a Magician and the
Devil), but this album, the follow-up, kicked off with this song and this song
was almost as good as anything on the predecessor. “So from now till who knows
when / My sword will be my pen.” Yeah! Just the thing for a teen poet to hear,
at a considerable decibel level.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">That comes late though: in the beginning it’s a love-lost
song, where the sunrise shines on “another day without you.” So, yeah, pining
for the great love, the one who makes it all ok, little darling, angel,
remember who and what you nearly had, love to ripen the vine . . . and then the
singer addresses the sun directly: “Bless my eyes / Catch my soul / Make me
whole again.”</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">That puts the Sun in the guise of the Listener, the Mentor,
the Great One who must shine on this endeavor, must countenance this effort to
shine in a merely human way. So that the “and I’ll love you for all of my time”
isn’t, finally, that lost lover with which we began, but the Sun itself. From
now on out, singing its praises. The lucky orb, crown as big the circumference
of the Sun.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>B13 The Sun King—The Beatles (</b><i style="font-weight: bold;">Abbey Road</i><b>, 1969;
John Lennon, Paul McCartney) 10: 52 yrs<br /></b>But there’s still room left on the tape, just enough for
this little mini-ditty from John Lennon, reprising the “here comes the sun”
lyric from his bandmate George but with a twist: “here / comes / the sun … king.”
The Sun King, of course, was Louis XIV of France, but I doubt that’s a
meaningful reference, particularly. In any case, on this side, the song
features as a coda—to reference the Sun as a King—and to recall, again, my childhood
at the end of the Sixties, and the time spent with Beatles recordings as a kind
of magic synthesis of the era itself. “Everybody’s happy, everybody’s
laughing.” We’re still happy children on that Yellow Submarine, with beautiful
overlapping voices and a feeling of dolce far niente, cheerily singing what
sound like nonsense syllables but which actually bring together phrases from
various languages to create a bit of Joycean polyglot. Questo obrigado, no?</p>Donald Brownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06391024449222256377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28991791.post-40725219169746419382021-12-31T15:23:00.008-05:002022-07-14T07:05:17.856-04:00THE TAROT TAPES, Side 1: 0 THE FOOL<p>Near the end of <i>Fearful Symmetry</i>, Northrop Frye’s
book on William Blake (which I finished reading in December 2020, before
beginning the second group of Tarot panels), I came upon this reflection:</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">“Blake … seems to be striving for an ‘alphabet of forms,’ a
Tarot pack of pictorial visions which box the entire compass of the imagination
in an orderly sequence. The alphabet itself, if we may do some imaginative
guessing, may be a fossil of some such work of art, the Zodiacal signs another,
and the Tarot pack (with which [Blake’s] Job series has been associated) a
third.”</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I got a kick out of that, certainly, because some such
intuition was the basis of me picking up a book on Blake (and not just anyone’s,
but Frye’s—the master of the “anagogic method”) and beginning some readings in Blake
at the start of my consideration of the Tarot panels. Indeed, the idea of an
“alphabet of forms,” or a series of pictorial visions, is the driving force
behind the Tarot panels and the example of Blake as a poet, artist and
visionary is at least provocative. My earliest reading of any of his verses was
probably around 15, and I remember time spent with the Viking <i>Portable Blake</i>
at 19. But there was little in-depth exposure to his work, mainly because of
the alien mythography at work in his writings and art. I didn’t pursue the
English Romantics in college, and in graduate school improved my familiarity
with Wordsworth and Keats, but that was about it. There was a semester at Yale,
in the 2000s, when I sat in on a seminar that took up Blake among the other
Romantics and it was there I first saw an image that I’ve recalled in the
fourth Tarot panel for Ethos, XV: The Devil. So let’s say there’s some debt to
Blake somewhere in the deep background, but even more so in trying to imagine “illustrations”
for the Tarot figures.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">But that’s the panels, as an ongoing visual art project.
Accompanying each panel is a cassette tape’s worth of songs, a 45-minute playlist that
assembles itself in the process of transferring the tracks from vinyl or CD
onto tape, but which may be prepared for by any number of list-making sessions
to see which songs most readily suggest themselves as part of the tone, mood,
or theme of the Card. And I should point out that I think of the Tarot as a
complex system of playing cards, and I have done readings to see what a lay-out
of cards “says.” For the purposes of the panels, though, which are not cards
and not meant to be used as anything more than paintings, an “alphabet of forms”
is apt enough since the cards, in my decision to break them up into four
different groups, do “spell out” an associative logic. And associative logic is
the key to how playlists form, aural illustrations of “the spirit” the panel is
aiming for.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The first group is Ethos, which is to say, based in character
and upbringing, in the kind of collective rationales for behavior that mark anyone’s
Bildung, but which, in terms of artistry, can also create a dichotomy between
the individual person (in this case, me) and the symbolic conditions of art . .
. or the artistic realization of symbols. However you put it, Ethos keeps in
mind that the person who is aiming at art is forming an ethos that differs to
some degree—and maybe in kind—from other practices, such as those primarily
concerned with getting along with others and performing the tasks of non-artistic
activities. The onus of an artist’s Ethos, simply put, is self-realization, in
no matter what forms that takes. So, for me, the five Cards grouped under Ethos
are the five I recognize as the most germane to my sense of what an artist is.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><b>Tape I<o:p></o:p></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b>A. Ethos 1 (center panel): 0 The Fool (April-May 2020)<o:p></o:p></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjOG5j9oZ_ZBIkCGpDEv-DK476J_wrfYU3sCWD38TLP_OjytKT6PEiLP0m6JP-dHCWRpMmxbklnvWKJlG3Keuw8vCCTUce6VyBg8X5j59cf5biPUtTzHl8nZrsU1AEUJDmfnFWEk5W_mnxz69tDhUz0Us_mf9Ae1sRwDOProGyALQ3dAhSW9A=s2959" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2959" data-original-width="2323" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjOG5j9oZ_ZBIkCGpDEv-DK476J_wrfYU3sCWD38TLP_OjytKT6PEiLP0m6JP-dHCWRpMmxbklnvWKJlG3Keuw8vCCTUce6VyBg8X5j59cf5biPUtTzHl8nZrsU1AEUJDmfnFWEk5W_mnxz69tDhUz0Us_mf9Ae1sRwDOProGyALQ3dAhSW9A=w502-h640" width="502" /></a></div><p class="MsoNormal"><b>Track A1: “The Fool”—Camper van Beethoven (</b><i style="font-weight: bold;">Our Beloved
Revolutionary Sweetheart</i><b>, 1988; David Lowery, Jonathan Segel, Greg Lisher,
Victor Krummenacher, Chris Pedersen)<br /></b>This instrumental track from my favorite Camper van
Beethoven album could be said to be the “curtain’s up” on the entire tape,
maybe the entire series of tapes. I don’t know why the song is called “The
Fool,” but I’d be willing to bet it has something to do with the Tarot card,
though it might also be a reference to a 60s psychedelic band of that name
(elsewhere on the album is a cover of “O Death,” the Dock Boggs song also
covered by a 60s psychedelic band, Kaleidoscope). The late ‘80s, twenty years
on from the height of psychedelia, found more than a little inspiration in the
artists of that earlier period.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">Camper van Beethoven, with that joke name, are suitable to
start things off on our Fool’s terrain, certainly, being a fairly whimsical and
comical band, heroes of the “indie” or “alternative” world of college radio
rock from the 1980s. The ‘80s, in my view, have much to answer for, but the
good side of it all was the number of bands who were never in any danger of
becoming monster artists of the inescapable mainstream airplay variety, but
would always be a bit of caviar to the general. It was a time rife with
subcultures, and why not tip my hand at the start, as part of the appeal of
“The Fool” is that very willingness to pursue a quixotic goal, to be an adept
of an unknown practice, to prefer the cult or coterie offering. The cards
themselves, no matter how popular or ubiquitous, will always be a bit esoteric
by the standards of world-wide religions and symbolic systems.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">The track sounds like a movie theme, almost, or at least a
soundtrack for a kind of carnivalesque sequence. Sort of eastern European, ‘80s
gypsies feel. Brash, with a certain Old World charm that’s seductive in its own
way. No fooling.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b>Track A2: “The Fool on the Hill”—The Beatles (</b><i style="font-weight: bold;">Magical
Mystery Tour</i><b>, 1967; John Lennon, Paul McCartney)<br /></b>Most of the songs on these playlists will date from the era
long since designated as “classic rock,” and this song was already a classic
when I finally got around to acquiring Beatles albums in the late 1970s. And
yet I do remember when it was on the radio—there were several covers of it, as
I recall, not least by Sergio Mendes and Brazil ’66—and on the Beatles cartoon
TV show. It may well be my first cognizance of a use of “the Fool” in a way
that seems properly capitalized. Not “a fool”—as in some stooge or dunce—on the
hill, but “the Fool,” as, for instance, a character you could meet (and I did
by around 1974) in <i>King Lear</i>. Of course, the phrase could also simply be
pointing out a particular fool—the one on the hill as opposed to the one in the
meadow, or next door, or in the White House (the sense of a political fool
suggested perhaps by “the man of a thousand voices” whom no one hears, “they
can tell what he wants to do.”)</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">In any case, as sung with his characteristic twee-ness by
Paul McCartney, the song struck me—as a child and later—as oddly ruminative.
You know, the mid-late ‘60s period was when McC was apt to come up with weird
little ditties of dysfunction like “Eleanor Rigby” and “Penny Lane.” This song
is somewhere in between, not as dolorous as Rigby nor as jaunty as Penny but
detached. The contrast is between the Fool—who sees the sun going down and the
world spinning ‘round—and the people who don’t like him. He doesn’t care
because “he knows that they’re the fool.”</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">So at the outset we get what will be a theme to this side:
the Fool who knows he’s considered a fool (as in idiotic or silly), but who
takes that in stride because maybe he knows something “They” don’t know. The
Beatles, with their madcap, antic natures—as a collective—captured well the
nature of the Fool as someone who is wise in his own way. McCartney has
claimed—so Wikipedia tells me—influence from The Fool (the band mentioned above
which was also a design collective) and from the Maharishi Yogi, who may or may
not have had a laugh on our nirvana-seeking Brit tunesmiths.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b>Track A3: “Fearless”—Pink Floyd (</b><i style="font-weight: bold;">Meddle</i><b>, 1971;
David Gilmour, Roger Waters)<br /></b>Now that the Beatles have provided us with both a fool and a
hill, we will take it to the next step. Here someone, who may be seen as
something of a fool by the crowd, is challenged to climb a hill—which he’ll do
“in my own time.” Like: when I’m good and ready. The notion of climbing a hill
becomes a theme, and there’s also an element of tempting fate or of relying on
God, or of, God knows, trying to achieve some particular facet of selfhood or
even to attain . . . the ultimate Self. Which, I just want to say at the
outset, may in fact be a Supreme Fiction.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">You can see how well Gilmour and Waters feed into our topic
(and it would not surprise me to learn that they might have had some memory of
“The Fool on the Hill” floating in the background when they wrote the song’s
lyrics). From “Fearlessly, the idiot faced the crowd” to “And who’s the fool
who wears the crown?” we know we’re in the world of trying to judge between
“the idiot” who may be a wiseman, and the earthly authority who may in fact be
a fool. And with that bit about “Go down in your own way,” how could I hear
this song, when I got around to this album in 1974, gripped by my earliest
reading of <i>Thus Spoke Zarathustra</i>, as not sharing some of the spirit of
Nietzsche’s opening, where Zarathustra decides to go down from the mountain and
back to the people? And the first thing he encounters is a crowd watching a
tightrope walker, who falls to his death when a Fool comes onto the wire and
leaps over him.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">“Fearless” ends with the interpolation of “You’ll Never Walk
Alone” as sung by a crowd at a football match in England. Apparently that song,
which I associate with Jerry Lewis telethons, is often sung at such sites of
collective outpourings of belonging. According to Wikipedia, the song, in 2020,
was put at the service of tribute to the sacrifice and dedication of the
frontline workers facing the COVID-19 pandemic. So, all the more appropriate
for my Fool, painted in April/May 2020, while lockdowns were general. He’s
walking off a cliff, though, so is, indeed, walking alone. Except that maybe,
just maybe, we’re all going off the cliff with him.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b>Track A4: “Up the Hill Backwards”—David Bowie (</b><i style="font-weight: bold;">Scary
Monsters</i><b>, 1980; David Bowie)<br /></b>This song is not even one of the best tracks on this great album
which I bought immediately upon its release in 1980 because of “Ashes to
Ashes.” “Up the Hill” appears here because of that hill and because of its key
line: “It’s got nothing to do with you, if one can grasp it.” Could be a
reference to that plummeting Fool (“witnesses falling”), could be a reference
to the hundreds of thousands of deaths due to COVID-19, or even to any eventual
extinction that may be awaiting mankind, to say nothing of whatever shibboleths
of social justice are currently on crusade. Quietism? Perhaps, but it’s more—in
the context of our theme of a crowd misjudging a “fool”—about the fact that
“I’m OK, you’re so-so.” All y’all.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">In other words, it’s a wonderfully insouciant song, full of
casual aplomb. And what we might call a survivor’s attitude. “While we sleep
they go to work / We’re legally crippled, it’s the death of love.” Hard not to
think of those who have to go struggle in Covidville while others get to be at
home in their legally crippled privilege. Death of love—what do you call it
when sacrifice goes awry? Or when love has to be proved by deaths? When you get
to a certain age, the grim reaper is waiting in the wings, so why not ignore
the struggle of others to stay alive and concentrate on what you might make of
the time you’ve got?</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">Me, I’m just a painting fool for the time being, stirred by
“the arrival of freedom and the possibilities it seems to offer.” For one
thing, a shrug directed at all the things I’d otherwise be doing if not trapped
at home. And climbing the hill “in my own way,” didn’t someone say? How about
backwards? Here being a good place to pile up that detritus that Walter
Benjamin imagines Klee’s Angel of History looking back at as he is blown into
the future, which is bound to be an uphill course. Unless in fact it’s all
downhill from here. As our plummeting Fool is no doubt about to find out, the
hard way.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b>Track A5: “Po’ Boy”—Bob Dylan (</b><i style="font-weight: bold;">“Love and Theft”</i><b>, 2001;
Bob Dylan)<br /></b>I have to say that when I first thought of compiling
mixtapes for the Tarot cards, I went through picking a Dylan song for each
card, and I also played the same matching game with The Beatles. For probably
obvious reasons, those two musical acts set much of the tone for what my record/CD
collection became, and these playlists come from that collection. This “late
period” Dylan track (the 21st century, for me, is “late,” as middle-age
and after) continues the insouciance of “Up the Hill Backwards” but now things
get positively jokey as Bob indulges in some one liners, a knock-knock joke,
and conjures a Po’ Boy (not the sandwich but a kind of wise-guy rube).</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">That element of jokester/jester/comic gets picked up in some
later songs on the side, and this is its first sounding. The Fool has to master
a certain self-deprecation, playing for laughs. My list of favorite comics
would include Groucho Marx, the troupe of Monty Python, Bill Murray, in many of
his roles, but my sense of comic hijinks in song begins with The Smothers
Brothers and Allen Sherman, both gifted with altering song lyrics for laughs, a
knack I’ve indulged on occasion. Dylan here is riffing on that kind of thing,
it seems to me. He could play the “poor boy” straight, as an underdog of the
underclass, but instead he gives him the gift of absurdity, which is one of the
great strengths to have in this world.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">And that is what I’d say is the dominant sense of this side:
a willingness to risk the absurd, to do things for no particular reason, to be
a fool to one’s own vanity or ambition or desire or attachments, but also to
laugh at one’s absurd effort to overcome such limitations, as though there is a
Big Pay-Off waiting for the Fool on the hill, or the Fool climbing the hill,
backwards and probably sticking his tongue out. Is the most foolish line in the
song “things’ll be alright by and by”? You decide. “I already tol’ ya, won’t
tell ya again.”</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b>Track A6: “Ship of Fools”—John Cale (</b><i style="font-weight: bold;">Fear</i><b>, 1974;
John Cale)<br /></b><i>The Ship of Fools</i> (Die Narrenschiff) by Sebastian Brant
dates from the fifteenth century, in German; in an introduction to that work,
in English, its translator, Edwin Zeydel, attributes to Brant the notion that
“all sins are reducible to forms of folly.” But maybe it’s the sins that are
expandable into acts of folly; which is to say “sin” could be a lesser idea
than “folly” or greater. Zeydel, and Brant, go for sin as greater, but I
wonder. It may be that the inclination to sin is, in itself, folly, making
folly the force that drives the wheel, so to speak. Brant created a work in
which a wide variety of follies are depicted, some of which—like avarice or
gluttony—do get called ‘sins’ as well. In any case, the idea of a group of
ne’er-do-wells aboard a ship bound for disaster—a ship of fools—sticks. So much
so, that there are two songs on this side with that title.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">In John Cale’s version, the ship of fools almost sounds like
a collective of worthies—I think of Chaucer’s pilgrims on their trek to
Canterbury. “The ship of fools was sent / to make sure we all got home for
Christmas.” Not a bad thing, I take it. But the opening, with its weary request
“take me off I’ve got to eat” and reference to “the same old story, the same
old thing,” makes the ship seem not so much foolish as boring. And Cale’s tune
is bright, with those tinkling sounds—a celeste?—that give the whole a stately
air, full of a lighthearted dignity. And the goings-on are comic book style—“we
picked up Dracula in Memphis / It was just about the break of day”; and there
are ominous bits of detail: “a black book, a grappling hook, a hangman’s noose
from a burnt-out tree—guess we must be getting close to Tombstone” (one of my
favorite sequences in all of Cale’s oeuvre). The whole lyric feels like a
fantasy of traveling through America, with a wish, for fisherman, that they
“could sail from Tennessee to Arizona” (making the heartland not “flyover
States” so much as “sail over”). In the end, Cale brings it all back home to
his native Wales—in fact, his hometown, Garnant, gets a shout-out—and, in
general, I think of this song as giving us a positive sense of the Ship of
Fools.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">And that’s important because the jokiness that came aboard
with Dylan, and that “in my own way” theme, from Floyd, and the “they’re the
fool” and “it’s got nothing to do with you” views, all come together now to
give us a glimpse, maybe, of fools who are glad to be sailing away from the
world where everyone else resides, whether content or contentious. And when we
do get back “all the people seemed quite glad to see us.” Maybe that’s foolish
on their part: to be glad to welcome a ship of fools. As the sixth song of
twelve, Cale’s “Ship” ends the first half of the tape on an up note—the song’s
mood, to me, feels like early spring, the season of Aries (and of All Fool’s
Day), and is lively if also somewhat haunted by “something in the air that made
us kind of weary.”</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b>Track A7: “Running Up That Hill”—Kate Bush (</b><i style="font-weight: bold;">Hounds of
Love</i><b>, 1985; Kate Bush)<br /></b>With Kate Bush’s opening track from probably her greatest
album we sound another take on “that hill.” Kate’s singer wants to be running
up that hill “with no problems” and as the reward or punishment of a “deal with
God.” The key idea here—since the singer is addressing a “you”—is that the deal
with God would let the singer and the “you” swap places, so they could “exchange
the experience.” Like, the only way to understand someone is to become that
someone and vice versa. Like all those movies from the 1980s in which a parent
and a child exchanged places. Presto: a pre-glimpse of maturity, and what it
requires, and a reminder of immaturity, and why it works.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">But in typical idiosyncratic fashion, I rarely listened to
the song as a way of swapping viewpoints with some difficult personage in one’s
life but rather a deal to swap places with God, thus making that climb wholly unimpeded by human foibles and concerns and failings. It would be a
climbing that would be utterly transcendent, we might say. That is the aspect of
the song that feeds into this tape because, while the Fool is on his way down,
the eventual appearance of the Wheel of Fortune—way up ahead there in the 11th
place of this schema—means he’ll also be on his way up, eventually. And the
Fool, in shedding the limited perspectives of all those wise guys who think the
things of the world are where it’s at, is transcendence writ small and humble
and simply—as we’ll see with a few songs showing up soon—getting by by his
wits.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">Kate Bush’s song is propulsive and features a great rhythm track,
something the 1980s were pretty good at, creating rhythm tracks which can sort
of stand alone and be wedded to songs as one chooses. It’s a kind of autonomy,
the rhythm that rules, and that’s important here because I feel certain that—whether
as oneself or as God—the hill compels one to climb it, the propulsive rhythm of
life will have it so, much as the great Wheel must spin and the earth must spin
as it circles the Sun (which is coming up next). Much here lies with Kate’s repeated
“if I only could / be running up that hill.” Like a Sisyphus fated to run up
the hill forever and never have to come down when his big rock does. A running,
climbing fool, and no mistake.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b>Track A8: “Fool’s Gold”—Graham Parker & the Rumour (</b><i style="font-weight: bold;">Heat
Treatment</i><b>, 1976; Graham Parker)<br /></b>But what’s such a fool after? Graham Parker, with his usual
surly view of the mass of humanity, clues us in a bit: the search itself makes
the fool a fool. He’s after “fool’s gold,” which can be read as any possibly
fictive or chimerical goal, something others—more sensible—would decry. And
here I have to say that I’m maybe not fool enough myself to share the vision
fully. I can see the transcendent view—climbing forever—but not the notion that
there is something—physical, tangible—that can answer the seeker with a
definitive status of “found.” Thus my favorite part of Parker’s song is “people
say heaven knows heaven knows heaven knows / see what comes I suppose.” Yeah,
if it’s good enough it will be worth the search . . . I suppose. “Well, well the event” as someone
says rather testily in <i>Lear</i>.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">As an expression both of the limit of judgment and an exasperation with explanatory comments, my mother was fond of saying “heaven
knows” (and it appears in the title of one of my dad’s favorite movies, <i>Heaven
Knows, Mr. Allison</i>), so that may be one reason that line resonates for me—with
its repetitions—but it also falls into line with the notion of a “deal with God.”
Meaning that there might be a perspective—from heaven’s view or God’s eye—that sees
the search fulfilled. Like: you gained the goal, Fool, and just didn’t know it.
But heaven knows. That’s a strong fulfillment, but it’s also quite possible
that the search <i>is</i> the goal, in some Zen-like way, Grasshopper. Like
climbing that hill, backwards, in your own time, the search is your fate and
your folly, one and the same for any good fool.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">Parker is a blustery singer and I like the way he handles
this lyric, giving it his White Soul all. It starts quiet and ruminative but
with heaps of passion surging again and again, and I always listen for him
getting worked up in the fade, “and in the deep blue sea,” which is a nice segue
to our next track, another “ship” on the sea, helmed by fools en route to
disaster.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b>Track A9: “Ship of Fools”—The Grateful Dead (</b><i style="font-weight: bold;">From the
Mars Hotel</i><b>, 1974; Jerry Garcia, Robert Hunter)<br /></b>With this track—our second “Ship of Fools”—we can say that
we’re entering the non-transcendent portion of the tape. The three tracks after
the Dead are about jokers—not, perhaps, fools outright, but they do bring into
question the interplay between fools—in the more spiritual sense we’ve been
working up—and jesters, those who simply use levity to amuse or undermine or,
maybe, enlighten. Lear’s Fool is a good case in point because he does want his
jokes to “land” in such a way that Lear will perceive his own folly, but,
because he’s a jester, he can allow that he’s just “fooling.” But before we get
to our jesters, let’s give Robert Hunter’s lyrics their due.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">This is one of those slow, mellow Garcia tunes, the kind
that usually means he’s pondering big questions, trying to find a form for
Hunter’s more searching lyrics. Here, the perspective is of a young man (thirty
years upon his head . . . it’s when that Baby Boomer generation born in the
early to mid ‘40s, hit their 30s, in the 1970s, a pretty dysfunctional time) who
has had enough with the powers that be. The world, as conducted by these
stalwarts, is a ship of fools, doomed. I’ve long aligned the song with the “non
serviam” of Joyce’s Stephen Dedalus, particularly in those lines: “though I could
not caution all, I still might warn a few / don’t lend your hand to raise no flag
atop no ship of fools.” Here again we might see quietism more than activism—we’re
being told what not to do, not what to do—but that caution suits the situation,
perhaps. We’re not sinking yet, in 1974, so maybe it’s enough to NOT get caught
up in the actions that are leading many fools to their flag-waving perdition.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">And anyway the opening of the song is more aggressive: “I
would slave to learn a way to sink your ship of fools.” That’s pretty emphatic,
like—in “Candyman”—when usually docile Jerry muses that “if I had me a shotgun
I would blow you straight to hell.” Sentiments like that are what give the lie
to what is too often perceived as laid-back, hippie bliss-out as the dominant
mood of the Dead. This song is not only bemused, it’s mournful and maybe ready
to get serious. At any rate, the singer “cannot share your laughter.”</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">And that line can stand as the thin end of the wedge here.
Since, in the fool/jester’s province, it’s all for laughs. Which is a way of
saying, as Hamlet does, “why, what should a man do but be merry?” He asks that,
of course, with all the sarcasm he can give voice to, being neither merry nor
assured that there is any action—not even those a man might play—that is of any
use . . . not even laughter. And if that’s so, we’re fucked.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">So, before our ultimate demise, let’s have a
few laughs with some jokers ready in the wings.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b>Track A10: “Man on the Moon”—R.E.M. (</b><i style="font-weight: bold;">Automatic for the
People</i><b>, 1992; Bill Berry, Peter Buck, Mike Mills, Michael Stipe)<br /></b>Michael Stipe’s lyrics for R.E.M.’s “Man on the Moon”
directly reference comedian Andy Kaufman and a few of his comic routines—from “goofing
on Elvis” to playing Twister live on national television with volunteers from
the audience to the “breakfast mess” with pro-wrestler Fred Blassie—and the
whole song has a kind of quizzical, quixotic vibe, signaled in that “IF you
believed they put a man on the moon” chorus. The questioning of the
moon-landing is one of those great “conspiracy theories based on media events”
that leave us uncertain about what’s real and what’s not. And it’s in that
space (“is it real or is it Memorex?”) that Kaufman’s humor lives: which is to
say, thanks to media, we don’t know what’s real and so we’re all fools being
fooled or primed to be.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">Kaufman’s fooling may have had its transcendent side—at least
I feel that his persona was “holy fool” enough to lend itself to that
interpretation—and in the song he’s linked to figures such as Moses, Newton,
and Darwin, the kind of fools who bring on a serious change in values. Which is
a way of aligning them with Hunter’s spokesman in the preceding song; these are
men who won’t lend their hand to lift no flag the fools are saluting. They have
a different sense of things. Egypt, aka Cleopatra, “troubled by the horrible asp”
is a bit of a non sequitur in that crowd, though I think we can allow that a
victorious Egypt would’ve made for a different world than the one Rome
bequeathed us.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">The genius of the song is that such grand figures are still
reduced to sound bytes, to what “we”—in the blips of our media brain—can call
up about them. And, in that company, Andy—like a “truck stop instead of St.
Peter’s”—is just a little ghost for the offering. “Mister Andy Kaufman’s gone
wrestling”—which was a non-put-on-put-on of a sport that’s all put-on, for the
sake of comedy and satire and something else, which might be ego-as-event. Like
when Andy put his continued presence on <i>Saturday Night Live</i> to a vote
and was voted off the show. It’s reality television, that great oxymoron of our
times, and maybe that begins with a televised moon-landing, way back in 1969.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">“Nothing up his sleeve,” of course, makes us think of magicians,
and that type of potential charlatan is coming up soon—the third panel—but for
now it’s enough to register the inclusive/exclusive nature of laughter—we’ve
got to be in on the joke to get it—and the fact that belief is always at risk
of “the joke’s on you.”</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b>Track A11: “Dear Madam Barnum”—XTC (</b><i style="font-weight: bold;">Nonsuch</i><b>, 1992;
Andy Partridge)<br /></b>And with that said, let’s recall the man who famously said “there’s
a sucker born every minute.” Surely, they come along much more quickly in these
accelerated times, but, even so, P. T. Barnum knew whereof he spoke. And it’s
fitting that Andy Partridge, while imagining himself in the role of circus clown,
addresses himself to Madam Barnum, conceived as the mistress of the spectacle—a
ringleader—he’s now about to depart.</p><p class="MsoNormal">“You tread the high wire between truth and lies” certainly
gets at the aspects of performance, and fooling, that we saw with that Fool in
the Zarathustra scene, but Partridge is also thinking of the truth and lies of romantic
involvement. His fool is a fool for love who draws the line at being a cuckold “If
I’m not the sole fool who pulls his trousers down / then, dear Madam Barnum, I
resign as clown.” Clowns, of course, often get their trousers pulled down in performance,
for laughs, but lovers pull their trousers down for other reasons and linking the
two acts is a great notion of Partridge’s.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">Here the clown quits the show. Let’s say it was causing him
some psychic distress, playing for laughs, sure, until he realized the joke was
on him. And that no self-respecting clown can endure. We could let it stand there as the end of the tape, a resigned fool resigning from his act. Cured!
Or at least a fool no longer—at least not consciously. Lear’s Fool doesn’t get
to leave, really. He gets a last line—“and I go to bed at noon”—and then is
heard and seen no more. I’m inclined to link that statement to Zarathustra’s
great noontide, but that’s merely a figment of tangential reading, at a time
when fools were brave for risking mirth where others were solemn, not least in philosophical circles. And yet the
possible incentives of mirth can’t be contained, like high tides at flood
walls, and soon we’re laughing at ourselves for our own foolishness.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b>Track A12: “Happy Jack”—The Who (</b><i style="font-weight: bold;">Happy Jack</i><b>, 1966;
Pete Townshend)<br /></b>So why not one more track (because it fits on the span of
the tape’s 45 minutes or so)? The Who’s “Happy Jack” is possibly the most quizzical
track on the tape, its subject a person known as Happy Jack who gets persecuted,
seemingly, for singing off-key and for generally not fitting in. “He lived in
the sand at the Isle of Man” is one of those lines that might be literally true
but also highly figurative. He’s a figure for the fool, to me, because his feeling
happy is linked to the waters lapping—neither of which can be affected by the
kids. Here, the kids are not “alright” but rather malevolent, as kids often
are, and their targeting of Jack is just one of those “us against him”—or “them
against me”—situations that fools are apt to find themselves in. </p><p class="MsoNormal">The water
lapping in the harmonies and the tide in Keith Moon’s drumming make for a
wonderfully pungent aural world in this song, the kind that only The Who could bring
to us with such unvarnished authority. I always think of the Who as the coolest
Brit Invasion band, not madcaps like the Beatles, not surly and sexual like the
Stones, just not easily made fools of, and Happy Jack, as a short, simple track,
gives us a little anthem for the insouciant fool who maybe knows more than others,
maybe less, and who may be the kind of figure Kurt Cobain expressed when he
sang “I think I’m dumb, or maybe just happy.” Is God happy? I don't know but I like the line delivered by Karen Blixen's factotum in <i>Out of Africa</i>: “God is happy, Msabu. He plays with us.” No fool like an eternal fool. </p>Donald Brownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06391024449222256377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28991791.post-69759474330633690452021-09-15T14:22:00.008-04:002021-10-10T15:10:37.425-04:00ARTSPACE OPEN SOURCE EXHIBITION, OCTOBER 2021<p>In the year since Artspace’s Open Studios 2020 (see my
contribution <a href="https://browndmt.blogspot.com/2020/09/paintings-city-wide-open-studios-new.html" target="_blank">here</a>), I’ve continued my work on the Tarot panels and on the series
called “renderings.” My work on this year's website can be found <a href="https://opensource.viewingrooms.com/artists/134-donald-brown/">here</a> (when the Artspace link goes live October 15).</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">First up, one of the latter. This painting, which I worked
on in May and October 2020, is based on a photograph I took of my wife Mary and
our newborn daughter in Philadelphia in summer 1981. Apart from its
considerable personal meaning for me, as an image and as a souvenir of a
particular time and place, I’ve always felt the image had a great potency. The
protective abandon of the maternal figure, the way the child in sleep is still
in the posture of nursing, but also looks as if she’s trying to “take in” the
mother. The mother’s T-shirt and cutoffs certainly conjure fond memories for
me, but are also great fun to paint, set against all the pillows and sheets, as
are the flesh tones. It’s probably the first painting I’ve done where painting
for the sake of painting is involved. I hope there will be more.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-I39FjoD9Gk4/YUIw8cbej4I/AAAAAAAAIyo/847wImH54roY6Dz_vkXBl-OnoiAHSw9nwCLcBGAsYHQ/s4505/DSC_0877%2B%25282%2529.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3603" data-original-width="4505" height="512" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-I39FjoD9Gk4/YUIw8cbej4I/AAAAAAAAIyo/847wImH54roY6Dz_vkXBl-OnoiAHSw9nwCLcBGAsYHQ/w640-h512/DSC_0877%2B%25282%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><p class="MsoNormal">In this series there are three other works in progress that are too
in flux for me to want to post their images. All three are intended as gifts
anyway so I don’t mind keeping them under wraps for now.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">And now, onto the Tarot panels.</p><p class="MsoNormal">Last year, I had finished the first 3 panels of the “Ethos”
section. Now I can present them together with the last two to comprise what
should be a quincunx of paintings, like this:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8CqTzHUf-lo/YUIxWuK3vCI/AAAAAAAAIyw/ffu3a7x9CuENroLMnzS7QDpm7jHR_Vd0wCLcBGAsYHQ/s5015/DSC_0871%2B%25282%2529.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="5015" data-original-width="3882" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8CqTzHUf-lo/YUIxWuK3vCI/AAAAAAAAIyw/ffu3a7x9CuENroLMnzS7QDpm7jHR_Vd0wCLcBGAsYHQ/w496-h640/DSC_0871%2B%25282%2529.JPG" width="496" /></a></div><p class="MsoNormal">Individually, here they are:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sKEyMFCiJSo/YUIyUMhXFlI/AAAAAAAAIy4/gOS26t7lbYQNunrkXgqclFb86QhMD8IsACLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/Don-Sunday-01%2B%25283%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1608" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sKEyMFCiJSo/YUIyUMhXFlI/AAAAAAAAIy4/gOS26t7lbYQNunrkXgqclFb86QhMD8IsACLcBGAsYHQ/w502-h640/Don-Sunday-01%2B%25283%2529.jpg" width="502" /></a></div><br /><p class="MsoNormal">“Ethos 1: O The Fool” (April-May, 2020): <span style="font-family: inherit;">The image of The Fool is of a man stepping off a
cliff because he’s not paying attention.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oxdVLXG66X0/YUIzOz2ozDI/AAAAAAAAIzA/M57-dM7XV_gLqVyA94yA79I3_R6tnMe-ACLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/Don-Sunday-05%2B%25283%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1598" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oxdVLXG66X0/YUIzOz2ozDI/AAAAAAAAIzA/M57-dM7XV_gLqVyA94yA79I3_R6tnMe-ACLcBGAsYHQ/w500-h640/Don-Sunday-05%2B%25283%2529.jpg" width="500" /></a></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p>“Ethos 2: XIX The Sun” (May-July, 2020): The Sun is depicted as a naked cherub looking at his own reflection, above a desert.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Hl5nVvMQu1s/YUIznrUfJUI/AAAAAAAAIzI/vnYEKHUbvyM6eD9iK62LjFkf3C8qOTS5gCLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/Don-Sunday-09%2B%25282%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1590" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Hl5nVvMQu1s/YUIznrUfJUI/AAAAAAAAIzI/vnYEKHUbvyM6eD9iK62LjFkf3C8qOTS5gCLcBGAsYHQ/w496-h640/Don-Sunday-09%2B%25282%2529.jpg" width="496" /></a></div><p class="MsoNormal">“Ethos 3: I The Magus” (June-September, 2020): On a stage which might also be a church, the Magus kneels on one knee, lifts a microphone and an illuminating finger.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6UQvSg0IaXc/YUI0EJ8ngvI/AAAAAAAAIzQ/MCPb5owWZWE6Vr4Je5GBqCHIu65vcYXSwCLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/DonTake1-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1593" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6UQvSg0IaXc/YUI0EJ8ngvI/AAAAAAAAIzQ/MCPb5owWZWE6Vr4Je5GBqCHIu65vcYXSwCLcBGAsYHQ/w498-h640/DonTake1-1.jpg" width="498" /></a></div><p class="MsoNormal">“Ethos 4: XV The Devil” (August-October, 2020): A collage of images for “the great deceiver,” including a pomegranate (as the fruit of temptation), a goat, a baboon, a serpent, a snarling face and images borrowed from William Blake.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8C4Gdk9MDoo/YUI1F74n_tI/AAAAAAAAIzs/LxpXnvg8_UUKjudfo1nYx-lnhzm7ulyXACLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/DonTake1-2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1570" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8C4Gdk9MDoo/YUI1F74n_tI/AAAAAAAAIzs/LxpXnvg8_UUKjudfo1nYx-lnhzm7ulyXACLcBGAsYHQ/w490-h640/DonTake1-2.jpg" width="490" /></a></div><p class="MsoNormal">“Ethos 5: IX The Hermit” (October-November, 2020): A single figure, derived from an Egyptian statue of a scribe, in an empty room, prepares to write his visions.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The latter painting was mostly painted last November. No
matter how much I might like to be a hermit and withdraw from the world to
paint and write and read and so forth, November, you may recall, was a particularly
fraught time with the contested election and a host of unsettling events that
culminated in the assault on the Capitol before the inauguration in January. It’s a fact
anyway that I didn’t do much painting, if at all, after Thanksgiving weekend until the inauguration. That month I got started on Eros, the second segment in
the Tarot series. And here are the first three. Again, these are meant to be
seen as a group of five with VI The Lovers in the center, XVII The Star above,
and III The Empress to the left of center; XIV Temperance, the panel below, is
mostly completed but not yet signed or numbered, and VIII Strength, the righthand
panel, was begun in August but hasn’t had much progress due to work on those
three other “rendering” paintings.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZNY5eoHBNxI/YUI2ZD2gHII/AAAAAAAAIz8/mUXlMEPjbrg56-7cFJkxUeDUGcF9aR9cQCLcBGAsYHQ/s3634/DSC_0873%2B%25282%2529.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3634" data-original-width="2800" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZNY5eoHBNxI/YUI2ZD2gHII/AAAAAAAAIz8/mUXlMEPjbrg56-7cFJkxUeDUGcF9aR9cQCLcBGAsYHQ/w494-h640/DSC_0873%2B%25282%2529.JPG" width="494" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p class="MsoNormal">“Eros 1: VI The Lovers” (January-March, 2021): Derived from an image for alchemical transformation, two winged figures, male and female, couple in a pond beneath a tree, a lyre nearby; the composition alludes to Chagall’s “Daphnis and Chloe.”</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rj9jPMxwUJY/YUI25rNsELI/AAAAAAAAI0E/s1qqOLyjZV4zM9jR2nowX99BfHHat3XqwCLcBGAsYHQ/s3668/DSC_0874%2B%25282%2529.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3668" data-original-width="2834" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rj9jPMxwUJY/YUI25rNsELI/AAAAAAAAI0E/s1qqOLyjZV4zM9jR2nowX99BfHHat3XqwCLcBGAsYHQ/w494-h640/DSC_0874%2B%25282%2529.JPG" width="494" /></a></div><p class="MsoNormal">“Eros 2: XVII The Star” (March-June, 2021): A nude woman pours water from a vase into a pool in which she stands while gazing at the viewer, elements of her features and figure borrowed from friends, Dürer’s Eve, and a Waterhouse nymph.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-znnKdnAIQl4/YUI3u9ATZ3I/AAAAAAAAI0M/r2uVunZDhXYw47ApL18f5YP8aiPddXoJACLcBGAsYHQ/s3681/DSC_0872%2B%25282%2529.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3681" data-original-width="2797" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-znnKdnAIQl4/YUI3u9ATZ3I/AAAAAAAAI0M/r2uVunZDhXYw47ApL18f5YP8aiPddXoJACLcBGAsYHQ/w486-h640/DSC_0872%2B%25282%2529.JPG" width="486" /></a></div><p class="MsoNormal">“Eros 3: III The Empress” (April-July, 2021): A woman on a throne in nature, her figure and clothes derived from a statue of Parvati, the wife of Shiva and a Hindu goddess of fertility.</p><p class="MsoNormal">We're allowed nine images on the site, so that’s it for me, this year. Maybe around Christmas I’ll get
those other three “Renderings” up. I’ve got quite a number of those planned,
and should also be starting the panel for “X The Wheel of Fortune” which is the
first “outcome” card—one at the halfway point, the other at the end. Thus I’m
almost at the halfway point in the panels, but at least two to four months away.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>Donald Brownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06391024449222256377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28991791.post-35142908635720650862021-09-04T17:13:00.000-04:002021-09-04T17:13:15.544-04:00WHATCHA READIN'? (2)<p><b>Elizabeth Hardwick’s <i>Herman Melville</i></b> (2000) Another book picked up by chance at Gray
Matters, to complement earlier readings this month of Jean Giono’s <i>Melville</i>
and Hardwick’s own <i>Sleepless Nights</i>.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jKQ1iFLqCF0/YTPg9lg0NuI/AAAAAAAAIxo/6J5X19-GAUcX2OWBmXde_Ks50FAEJag2wCLcBGAsYHQ/s475/524284.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="475" data-original-width="309" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jKQ1iFLqCF0/YTPg9lg0NuI/AAAAAAAAIxo/6J5X19-GAUcX2OWBmXde_Ks50FAEJag2wCLcBGAsYHQ/s320/524284.jpg" width="208" /></a></div>Here, Hardwick as usual writes well, conveying some of the
excitement of reading <i>Moby-Dick</i>, but ultimately I’m not impressed, as she
has no particular sense of Melville. It’s a belletristic performance in the bad
sense. I’d say EH has no insight into Melville because she can’t fathom how
completely bizarre he is. How sui generis. (Which is odd, given that she was
intimate with the rather bizarre and sui generis Robert Lowell.) But EH, one of
the founders of the <i>New York Review of Books</i>, commits the sin of the
lit. journal: to describe others by your sense of judgment . . . and let’s be
clear: that’s what book reviewing is. Publications such as NYRB promote work within
the terms of their sense of judgment, and the implied idea is that everyone
writes “in order to be judged” by them. It’s the grand conceit of lit crit:
that its judgment trumps the object. Whatever the artist creates, what she or
he achieves is determined by critical judgment. So all art asks/waits to be
judged. Critics love to quote bad judgments so they can find an opening for
their own judgment—but the self-congratulatory rhetoric is that such-and-such
has “waited until now” to have its true or real judgment. No such thing. The
judgment machine rolls on and other horrible workers will come (to paraphrase
Rimbaud).<o:p></o:p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">As something like the NYRB judgment on Melville, EH’s take
is rather lacking in depth, though not a bad read. She likes to visit those “homoerotic
moments” in Melville’s writing as if the fact that men can be attracted to men
and be rather sanguine about that feeling is new or surprising (just how sheltered
are intellectuals?), but has so little to say about <i>Pierre</i> (I’ve begun
it, taking it slowly) which is rife with stunning oddity, a fantasy of psychosexual
proportions that EH is not interested in at all. I suspect that <i>Pierre</i>
will make me a Melvillean much as <i>FW</i> made me a Joycean—thought not as
whole hog, perhaps, but convinced, again, of the writer’s unmannerly pursuit of
“necessity.” EH can only shake her head, wondering why someone who flopped with
<i>Moby-Dick</i> would next write <i>Pierre</i>. And there you have that judgment
by market forces and by “critical judgment.” No one grasped what he was doing,
the readership avoided it, so he should try to rectify that and write what the public
want. Rather than what he wants to write. But Melville has that at least, the
courage to write what he wants to write, and because there’s no “excuse” for
it, otherwise, that makes him worth reading, to me. His manner is engaging, his
ideas odd.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-858jCWj7NhM/YTPhG9UeMLI/AAAAAAAAIxs/ThobTLuapAgzrkBy2SEINjJH_mOp3yo6ACLcBGAsYHQ/s400/a46b0747fc1e41c6867f7039d7e8dc999d453fa0.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="248" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-858jCWj7NhM/YTPhG9UeMLI/AAAAAAAAIxs/ThobTLuapAgzrkBy2SEINjJH_mOp3yo6ACLcBGAsYHQ/s320/a46b0747fc1e41c6867f7039d7e8dc999d453fa0.jpg" width="198" /></a></b></div><b>Jerome McGann’s <i>The Romantic Ideology. A Critical
Investigation</i></b> (1983) Also part of the Gray Matters’ haul, this was a very
gratifying find, a book I probably skimmed back there in Princeton but was
surprised to learn was published in 1983 (I took it for a late ‘80s or early ‘90s
book). My sense, reading it now, is that McGann’s sense of the English
Romantics is clear, both in what they are and what they aren’t, and what he’s
particularly good at is sifting the criticism of Romanticism, an area that, if
more entrenched even than modernist criticism, can also boast better readers.
The notion of “ideology” which he brings to the discussion, after Marx’s <i>The
German Ideology</i>, helps to open the question of what—if anything—one tries
to “teach” via literature. It’s a question I’ve never been satisfied about and
was quite disillusioned with the forms it had taken by the time I tried to sign
on (forms that, I note, McGann was already criticizing in 1983—when I was
blithely indifferent to academia and following my own fantasy). He sees the too-easy
assumptions of an over-arching period consciousness in which students learn the
checklist of Romantic attributes and then look to see them evenly applied throughout
the works of the period, while the so-called early and late Romantics are quite
temperamentally distinct. Even critics and scholars who should know better take
up positions that are aimed to explode ideas that no one who seriously reads
the Romantics (rather than the synthesizers of the critics) would ever have.<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">What I miss in McGann is any very developed sense of romantic
irony (he prefers the “romantic agony” approach—even with or especially with
his man Byron); McGann, tinged by the claims made for artforms by the likes of
Althusser and his epigones, has to do battle with the notions of “escape” and “transcend.”
What McGann can’t seem to grasp (seems deaf to, as a kind of tone-deafness) is
the ironic emphasis of most Romantic utterance. The romantic poet, to use Dylan
Thomas’ phrase, “sings in his chains like the sea.” The irony is that is the
best one can do. Romantic poetry is a soliloquy in a drama that one cannot “escape”
in a world one can barely alter and never master. And yet one sings. And, while
that situation might inspire “agony,” to me it was one of a more notable irony—as
found in Shakespeare’s tragic heroes who, for all the tragic dimensions of
their situations, can speak with a sense of irony that “the wheel has come full
circle, I am here.” It is a question of tone, at last.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">McGann is very good at stressing how poems are created in
their own particular times with those kind of temporal assumptions that Bakhtin
theorized as “the chronotope.” So much so that it might behoove me to consider,
not only the extent to which “the Romantic ideology” has played its part in my
formation but also “the Romantic chronotope”—both, I feel, are important to the
scene or space of utterance in “Mobil Limbo” (which has gotten some significant
tweaks this summer). It’s flights of imagination always land, we could say, back
into that space/time. The “chains” are very real but the way they can be
imagined, the way one can imagine breaking them or shedding them—there’s that “escape”
and “transcend” again—is what keeps the game in play. Byron: “And mine’s a
bubble not blown up for praise / But just to play with, as an infant plays.” As
for all that, McGann did send me back to the poems of Coleridge headed “Limbo,”
and I expect I will revisit “Childe Harold” and “Manfred” and would like to
finally get through “Don Juan” (I’ve just acquired McGann’s texts of Byron in
the Oxford edition, to that end). He also tipped me to Galvano Della Volpe’s <i>Critique
of Taste</i> which I managed to acquire in a Verso summer sale (just arrived
today—I’d already forgotten I ordered it). More anon.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>Donald Brownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06391024449222256377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28991791.post-69068440650415948982021-09-03T12:06:00.006-04:002021-09-04T17:29:11.966-04:00WHATCHA READIN'?<p><b>Stanislaus Joyce’s <i>My Brother’s Keeper. James Joyce’s
Early Years</i> (1957)</b> Picked up a nice used copy by chance in Gray Matters
mid-August. I don’t believe I’ve read it cover to cover, more like skimmed it
in a library. It was a big revelation for Joyceans in the late '50s/early '60s,
but by the time I got into JJ studies, mid-80s, it had been thoroughly picked
clean in other studies, notably Ellmann’s biography which I first read in 1981
or 82. And anyway, <i>MBK</i> mainly seemed of use for the old “spot the
reference to JJ’s own experience” approach, which I was frankly dismissive of,
as a scholarly bent. Stanislaus is all about their shared experiences. In a
represented discussion with JJ, Stanislaus dismisses the ending of a juvenile
play JJ wrote because the ending has no basis in Joyce’s own experience (i.e.,
JJ had no lady love in his life at the time) so SJ is criticizing his brother
for inventing a woman wholesale. It’s pretty feeble as criticism but, as no one
but SJ and William Archer read the play, maybe it was a feeble scene (though
Archer, a publisher, found that scene to be best). It’s not to besmirch SJ that
I note this but mainly to say that his rendering of JJ is steeped in “what I
know about him”—which is always going to miss the big picture. But here is what
SJ says much to the point: “He [JJ] maintained that art had no purpose; that
all fixed purposes falsify it, but that it had a cause, namely, necessity, the
imperative inward necessity for the imagination to recreate from life its own
ordered synthesis. He spoke of the importance of the artist in the community,
and insisted on his right to develop his personality freely in accordance with
his own artistic conscience, and without being drawn into movements or making
himself the mouthpiece of others. The artist inherits difficulties enough to
struggle with in his own soul” (p. 129).</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-hj6CPl13M3M/YTJHBH1nZHI/AAAAAAAAIxc/BqsWr5UE-GEFYJm9NXMdVFqDocQWy7OAgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1360/71W8380i6aL.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1360" data-original-width="880" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-hj6CPl13M3M/YTJHBH1nZHI/AAAAAAAAIxc/BqsWr5UE-GEFYJm9NXMdVFqDocQWy7OAgCLcBGAsYHQ/w259-h400/71W8380i6aL.jpg" width="259" /></a></div><p>Reading this, I can say that that attitude is one I had in
youth, that was much like my driving ideal. Since I knew little of Joyce until
the end of high school, the common ground for that view might well have been
Ibsen. I had an Ibsen phase around 15—though nothing like JJ’s infatuation with
Ibsen as a living artist he actually corresponded with! Probably the main
source is Nietzsche which SJ doesn’t speak of much except to note the part he
played in creating, in Duffy of “A Painful Case,” a character somewhat based on
SJ. In any case, that sense of the artist as his own criteria was clear to me
and was my “test” in evaluating artworks: was the creator his own person,
working from that sense of “necessity”? It’s what I embraced in Dylan whenever
he turned away from what was expected of him in search of whatever he felt most
compelled to do. It’s what, eventually, made me a defender/explicator of <i>Finnegans
Wake</i>. For I believed fully in JJ’s reasons for writing it, though I never
insisted that a “general reader” had any reason to read it. And that’s my view
of art anyway: when it comes to “community” I don’t recognize one. Though I
suppose that it is how one gets from the inward imaginative necessity to a
commodity for sale in a marketplace. It must pass through “a community,” the
“win friends and influence his uncle” phase. I still see writing the way I see
art works: unique. Certainly, as with prints and other mechanically arrived at
works you can make as many copies as you like but the notion of “supplying a
market” only makes sense if there is a market—and is a market ever “a
community”? This is shown in JJ’s own
career. I always loved the story of how <i>Ulysses</i> was published: it was
done by a community; only when it went forth into the international marketplace
did it have to deal with being suppressed and pirated and all that mess. Certainly
I’m glad there were commercial versions of it available by my lifetime, as I am
that Dylan got a contract with a major label, after winning over the “folk city
community” of NYC, but how those things came about is always murky to me. In
other words, how the artist gets the interest of the money-men, out to make
money off his “inner necessity” by means of consumers rather than a community.</p><p>I have to say it’s a shame Stanislaus didn’t get to the
Trieste years. His pointing out sources for the <i>Dubliners</i> stories (often
from something SJ witnessed) makes me want to read them again (it’s been ages).</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>Donald Brownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06391024449222256377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28991791.post-27707097094388475942021-06-30T12:42:00.009-04:002022-07-03T07:32:16.279-04:00SUMMER CITADEL<p>It’s summertime for real, right now. Here in the northeast US
there are heat advisories and warnings and there is some noticeable discomfort
if, like me, you live a life without air-conditioning—and work at home. But it’s
the work that distracts from the heat—if you let it.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Today, making breakfast, I recalled the song by The Rolling
Stones—from their 1967 psychedelic LP <i>Their Satanic Majesties Request</i>—called
“<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n1UHOC16VCk" target="_blank">Citadel</a>.” Like many a psychedelic paean to the joys of the Inner Man, “Citadel”
takes up an exotic theme (citadel as a castle with classical or biblical
overtones because the word finds use in many such texts, whereas “castle” seems
more deliberately medieval and European) as a metaphor for the “trip” mentality.
The fantasy in the lyrics, initially, is of crusaders “armed with bibles,” then
we get glimpses of flags and dollar bills (the U.S. market, of course), then “peasants”
crawling (the fans, the press, etc.) to hear their numbers called, and finally
the “woods of steel and glass” of a busy urban scene—all the things these
citadel-dwellers are avoiding by staying in their indwelling universe, fixing a
hole where the rain gets in, and all that. And always that child’s rhyme chorus:
“Candy and Taffy, hope you both are well / Please come see me in the citadel,”
where Candy—a playful plaything’s name at the time—gets stretched into
confection by palling around with Taffy (these girls are sweet!) and both are
invited to the citadel, where no doubt our singer reclines in utter decadence,
plump grapes poised upon plump lips.*</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Well! My sense of a working citadel is nothing like that!
More like what I imagine Keef might be up to in the studio with Brian, layering
all those sounds onto tape. For me, it’s layering colors and I’m concluding The
Empress and a few days into Temperance. But the song was suggested by my
subconscious (or something), due no doubt to a fleeting thought that painting
while listening to my many mixtapes compiled in the summers (starting in 1978
and reaching to the present—I made the tape side for Temperance just last week)
is about as withdrawn as I can be from the world at large.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Left to my own devices in the house of Eros on my painting tour
of the 22 cards of the Major Arcana of the Tarot. The section Eros, as just
became definite to me early in June before my visit to the shore in Maryland for
two weeks, consists of: VI The Lovers (center), XVII The Star (above), III The
Empress (left), XIV Temperance (below), XIII Strength (right). This configuration
is pleasing as a departure from what I had considered the sequence to be, up to
that point. I had thought I would be moving on to do The Emperor after The
Empress. The change came about because, in searching for images to composite
into the Emperor, I was struck by the pathos of the figure. And so that card
will be the third panel in Pathos, corresponding to the place The Empress holds
in Eros. And that’s fitting because The Empress represents the fully empowered
female—mother, queen, the ruler of the roost, both sexual and maternal, all
that. Whereas The Emperor—following the old idea that the son, come to manhood,
is the king/father’s replacement—is a figure for decline, for the old that is passing
away. Pathos, in other words.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In the four overlays, the center panels have been definite
for some time: The Fool for Ethos, The Lovers for Eros, and Justice for Logos
(all obvious to me). The first major change came in shifting The Wheel of
Fortune from the center of Pathos (a good figure for all the changes that cause
our sense of time passing toward the grave) to its place as the outcome of the
first series, thus matching perfectly with The World (the idea of the eternal
that supersedes that transient wheel) as the outcome of the second series.
Which is a way of noting that Ethos (the Bildung) and Eros (the reign of desire)
bring us to a sense of the Wheel (how all things do change and love fades and
mentors die and nothing lasts) which must be endured through Pathos (the
struggle to assert something that lasts at least a generation or two), aided by
Logos (the idea of the eternal, as suggested by religion—for some—art, for
others, and, well, at least by the systems of signs by which we make sense of
the world as something to be made intelligible, for ever and ever anon). The
new center figure for Pathos is The Hanged Man, a figure for the suffering body
itself, and of “the sacrifice for the sake of”—wisdom (Odin), the sins of man
(Christ) and so forth. So then, The Fool (my spirit guide, let’s say), The
Lovers (my youthful ideal, late teens through twenties), The Hanged Man (upon
the rood of time), Justice (you decide if he was wise). The circling we’re into
now, around those lovers, takes in The Star—as a figure for the ingenue, the
sweet thing (Candy and Taffy), but also all those forbidding maidens never
manned, à
la Cohen’s “Came So Far For Beauty”—The Empress (see above, here figured as an
Empress of India who is in fact Indian), and, now, Temperance as the Angel who
mixes duality into unity while also, like a horse of many colors, radiates all
we project upon them (the Angel, being neither male nor female, is a perfect instance
of the need for a “multi” pronoun as designation—particularly as, in a sense,
any Angel is every angel, no?). Anyway, I’m having a wonderful time on this one
just now.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">But then, I have a wonderful time on each of them—the panels,
that is—until I reach the limits of my ability and wish I could do something
different. In any case, they are what they are, cartoon approximations of
concepts that have to take the form of pictures since words don’t really convey
what they are either. There are only tales told, rhymes rhymed, songs sung, and
abstruse and recondite interpretations to approximate what these figures
actually figure. The wonderful time, for me, is seeing what the paint does
while I engage in that slippery pursuit of Image. A word I’ve always viewed
with a certain awe as I understand it to be vision arrested by the mind—which some
call “a vision” but which I’d rather call “an Image.” Keeping alive the relation
to ‘imagine/imagination’ as well as recalling hoary old usages such as “made in
his own image” and “the very image of a modern major general.” And maybe it’s
just fanciful on my part to relate “Image” to “i mage, or I magus,” with “Magus,”
card number I.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I guess this has gone on long enough. And what I really
meant to talk about was the experience of listening to all those summer tapes.
I arrange them by month—June, July, August—and, where possible, by the day I
made them, rather than by year. So I’m not moving chronologically through the
years in this trip through time, but through the months, after a fashion. June
dropped away because I was away and I’m making it up as best I can. May found
me listening through the series of May tapes my daughter Kajsa and I made. It
became a tradition to make them at the end of each school year, beginning with
the end of twelfth grade, and stretched into a few years after she graduated
college. The summer tapes, though, make me tour through a variety of times. There is at least one summer tape for every year up through 1999 (when I turned 40). After
that, tape-making for myself falls off, but, generally, a tape in summer and in
fall continues for another decade give or take (I’ll have to tabulate them some time).</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Are they all relevant to Eros? More or less, I’d say, though
some are more tinged by Pathos than others, doubtless. And that’s fitting
because we’re in the “bottom” of Eros, with one last turn to go. And I hope
that I'll be through the circle—with at least a start on that Wheel—ere this summer is
past.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-v-GmI6VmNuU/YNyeo_hUxII/AAAAAAAAIo8/U0e3LumGlXIdNistNLQQOQaNEdhcoN20gCLcBGAsYHQ/s6000/DSC_0701.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4000" data-original-width="6000" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-v-GmI6VmNuU/YNyeo_hUxII/AAAAAAAAIo8/U0e3LumGlXIdNistNLQQOQaNEdhcoN20gCLcBGAsYHQ/w640-h426/DSC_0701.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p class="MsoNormal">*: note: In Andy Warhol's Popism, which I just finished reading, 7/3/22, Andy says that Candy is Candy Darling the person who Andy respects as the most successful drag queen he ever knew, and Taffy is one of Candy's drag friends, and that once, while the song was playing, Candy pointed out the lyrics to Andy as Mick inviting the girls to visit and mentions the hotel the Stones were staying in which becomes, by that reckoning, the citadel. According to Andy, though, Candy was a bit embarrassed because she could never tell the Stones apart and wasn't sure "which one is Mick."</p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>Donald Brownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06391024449222256377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28991791.post-68220172749145015482021-04-11T16:13:00.002-04:002021-04-12T01:54:31.918-04:00POP GOES THE WEASEL<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3Ydl7VK0oh0/YHNYAIEmKsI/AAAAAAAAIg0/1E6rF5k_vwQPUSB3k-MSesVc8YAgPpM9wCLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/9780691160986.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1446" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3Ydl7VK0oh0/YHNYAIEmKsI/AAAAAAAAIg0/1E6rF5k_vwQPUSB3k-MSesVc8YAgPpM9wCLcBGAsYHQ/w283-h400/9780691160986.jpg" width="283" /></a></div><br />A note, dated 6/21/14, I wrote in ink in the back of my copy
of Hal Foster’s <i>The First Pop Age</i> (2012, Princeton UP) says: <p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i>What I’m after: abstract photographs or photographs as
abstract paintings. I think Richter </i>[of the five artists Foster examines:
Richard Hamilton, Roy Lichtenstein, Andy Warhol, Gerhard Richter, Ed Ruscha]<i> is
the most germane for my immediate idea (from oceanscape or cityscape photos)
but could see the possibility of figures, portraits, ‘iconic images’ (of
friends, influences, celebrities) being used the same way.<o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i>It’s been done, I know—but the interest is still in the use
of fields, lines, planes for form.<o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i>Am I ready to become a <u>pop</u> formalist?</i><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Today, having finished the chapter on Richter (back in 2014
I apparently stalled in the Warhol chapter), I can see that I was right. (Not
surprising as I’d seen Richter’s “40 Years of Painting” exhibition at MoMA in
2002. I’m thinking that it’s possible I bought Foster’s book at MoMA’s
bookstore after viewing the Sigmar Polke exhibit that ran April-August 2014.
Both shows gave me much food for thought where making images is concerned.)</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Foster strikes me as much more in tune with Warhol and that
mechanical aspect of Pop as in thrall to the productiveness of commodity culture.
Products for the sake of production rather than production for the sake of
product. The very notion of “product” as somehow synonymous with “object” takes
its impetus from that conflation, a conflation that, it seems, art in my
lifetime (since the end of the Fifties) can do nothing to avoid, can at best
exploit.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">What Richter—whom Foster quotes a lot with a certain
hands-thrown-up gesture—gets at, it seems to me, is the spanner that someone
who actually cares about painting throws into the works. Because Warhol doesn’t
care, nor does Foster, really. The conceptual force of art is all he can work
up any attention to, even if it means that a dizzying level of production on
Richter’s part meets with points like: “They [an entire body of “blurred” paintings
in gray paint] suggest how our very sensorium, memory, and unconscious have
become, at least in part, ‘photogenic,’ that is to say, not only affected by
photography and film but also somehow adjusted to them—suited, even designed,
to be photographed or filmed, created with such light in mind, along the lines
suggested by Kracauer in 1927” (196). So that numerous paintings were created,
in the mid-1960s, simply to illustrate a condition that Siegfried Kracauer was
onto in the late Twenties. It’s a common feature of Foster: the thesis, uncontroversial
as it might be, is supported by the art. No need to really look at it after
that.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">But the quotations from Richter start to steal the show. “Something
has to be shown and simultaneously not shown in order perhaps to say something
else again, a third thing” (196—the quotation apparently comes from Richter’s
<i>Writings</i>, pg 272, but is not dated explicitly in Foster). “’Illusion—or rather
appearance, semblance—is the theme of my life’ Richter also commented in 1989”
(215 in Richter; 198, Foster). Foster tries to develop this question of “semblance”
to serve his theme of the “photogenic” as an element of Richter’s painting: “semblance
is not the resemblance produced in representation any more than it is the negation
of this resemblance produced in abstraction. Semblance comprehends both
modalities because it concerns the very consistency of appearance—it is what
allows the world before us, natural or mediated, or natural <i>as</i> mediated,
to cohere—and this concerns Richter above all else: “'Appearance,’ that is to
me a phenomenon” (405).” Then Foster cites Richter “in the 1989 statement”
saying “All that is, seems, and is visible to us because we perceive it by the reflected
light of semblance,” and sums up that “according to Richter, the painter must ‘repeat’
[the semblance of the world] or, more exactly, ‘fabricate’ it” (199, Foster).
It would be nice to read Richter’s entire statement but even in this
cherry-picked version I like the way Richter suggests that we live in a world
that is not simply already viewed through media, as Pop (in Foster’s version) belabors
endlessly, but in which “appearance” or “semblance” is a condition of
recognizing anything, or having, as it were, visual relations with the world
and the things and people in it. His fabrication of that, as what an artist’s
act amounts to, puts the burden on the viewer I suppose to determine what
relation one of his paintings has to the other elements of the visual world
that we recognize. Where do these fabricated semblances fit in in our universe of semblances?</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">To me, the fascination with what Richter achieves, as a painter,
is tied up with my own burgeoning fascination with painting. I can’t say I ever
had the fascination with painting as activity that sustained so many careers. I
generally wanted the paint to do something I was trying to do, to strike the
eye a certain way, and that’s that. The fascination of the painted was something
to be found in the hands of masters, or at least in very gifted students.
Nowadays I’d say I’m fascinated by the question of what I call “rendering.” And
what gets rendered, to some extent, is what Richter is calling “semblance” or “appearance.”
Foster insists this has nothing to do with the resemblance between the photograph
and its subject and or between the painting and the photograph (the paintings
by Richter being discussed all derive from photographic sources). And it’s true
that “resemblance” is a lower order quality, one that Richter, as a painter, is
too gifted to be bothered by. But it is, to me, a part of the concern of
rendering: if I want the image to “look like” the person the picture is of,
though not a stenciled version of the image. In other words, the photographic
image, or the reproduction, I’m working from is indeed a semblance—of someone
or something—but I want to render my relation to that semblance, which is not
contained by that image nor exhausted by it, nor by my rendering of it. All the
rendering does is perform that relation.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">This is something Foster eventually gets to: Richter’s
painting “is neither a progressive form of critical art nor a cynical kind of
posthistorical pastiche. It does not resolve its contradictions so much as it
performs them, and in this performance, it sometimes suspends them as well”
(207). It’s not that Foster really sees painting as performance, and yet his
formulation, once we get past his usual binary choices about what art can be
(critical/cynical, progressive/posthistorical), almost articulates what is at
work there. The art of painting as performance. What the whole “performance art”
aspect of our contemporary art world [recently watched <i>The Artist is Present</i>]
stresses is that the audience wants to be a part of the act/art. Fine. But the
Old School approach was about coming to see the finished product/object—all the
performance had already taken place, in the studio. Still my preference. And
that’s because what happens, in the witnessing/observing/perceiving, is like what
happens in reading/listening. I can’t see with another’s eyes nor hear with
another’s ears nor read with another’s mind. I bring my own gear wherever I go.
I want the artist to show me the semblance arrived at for the sake of my
seeing. I'll take it from there. To be “in the scene”—like taking a selfie next to a masterpiece—is to underscore the historical dimension of art. You are there, it’s in your space and time. So what?</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">But in making art I have no such escape valve. I mean it is in my space and time because I am the one there making it. And there’s no
sense of audience, only a sense of when I’m done, if only because I’m tired of “seeing
what I can do.” I hit the limits of my ability or of my patience and so it’s time
to move on. Otherwise, the rendering is its own agenda, to play with paint for
the sake of form. What used to stymy me wasn’t just my lack of skill, but my
lack of conviction that there should be something rather than nothing. Not
nihilism so much as no commitment to an enduring image. The Pop culture that
Foster is keen to elucidate struck me as not worth the candle. Tedious enough
in each encounter, why proliferate Campbell soup cans to underscore the tedium?
At the same time, there were fabricated images that fascinated—including even
fully commercial products like album covers and book jackets, to say nothing of
magazine ads. Meanwhile, any canvas no matter how grandly sublime could become
an icon in a textbook, a thumbnail. An image, not a painting. The victory of
Pop in the sense that seeing the actual “one and only” artwork could seem redundant.
Though it’s really not if you really are looking/seeing and not simply
conceptualizing as you wander through.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">So maybe art isn’t exhausted by the tedium of making things
but by the tedium of explicating, of fitting the object into the syllabus, of
analyzing for the sake of an activity that, unlike art itself, seems to need no
justification. If only because it has academic pedigree.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p>All of which is simply a way to further render my note at
the back of the book, a way of saying that I could see, in 2014, a détente with
Pop, which I otherwise fault with being the a la mode from my childhood onward
that seems impossible to outdistance, outlive, escape, or fully accept. And I
say, as I did then, that Richter does help me see the way to that end. It’s in
the performance of rendering semblance. What anyone other than me sees in that
semblance? What the fuck do I care? As SD sez: “unsheath your dagger definitions.”
Call it something, if it suits. As all these Pop guys know so well, it must be
addressed by the critical—I won’t say “community”—apparatus (apparatchiks?) in
order to really exist. But that’s just saying that any semblance one renders as
an object must be given its wraithlike existence in the permanent embalming fluid
of history or else . . . we might as
well, as Christopher Fry once put it, sculpt in snow.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p>Yeah, but I like paint.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>Donald Brownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06391024449222256377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28991791.post-24661974226404748352020-12-02T09:55:00.012-05:002021-04-11T16:17:44.537-04:00SOME THOUGHTS FROM LAST YEAR, 2 (toward a start)<p>3/12/19</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">So, if I turn my attention to the major myths as foundations
to my readings in a variety of media, the failing to guard against is that
every instance simply becomes another example of the same concept. The
specificity of the relationship between myth/instance/receiver has to be
analyzed. If I play off of Barthes’s tripartite breakdowns where the signified
finds a signifier that gets encoded in a sign and the sign (word/work/object)
becomes a signifier for the signified (myth) which is decoded in the sign of
the mythologist’s analysis, then there’s also a further trio (of allegory) that
takes the mythologist’s reading as “signifier” matched to a signified (the
cultural work of the sign) that finds its sign in the lyrical history of
reception, which is to say that the sign is the coming to consciousness of the
formation fantasies and that realizing them, in writing, is the entire goal.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">With this approach in mind I have to begin with the mythic
sign and move toward the allegory of becoming. This process is personal and
individual (hence, the idiosyncrasy) but it is also social/collective because
it assumes the general presence and reception of the myth; as critique of the
myth the analysis serves a proleptic purpose—a conduit between the past, where
the myth was received, the present, where its effects are analyzed, and the
future where a possible benefit accrues, not as revolutionary gesture but more
as an existential truth, a Sisyphean perpetuation of the burden of knowledge,
of the framing of the idea of an emancipatory act. “No exit,” indeed, but that
is not a cause for despair if, a good jester, one accepts the joke is on
oneself.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Playing with these ideas in my mind at the moment, I see
that—to recall my four-part fantasia—ethos would be the comic, the jester’s
wit, the ability to laugh at absurdity and to see the cosmic joke in human
affairs (how to take people seriously?); pathos would be the heroic, which
moves from superheroes to tragic heroes—Christ, Faust, Shakespearean—to
antiheroes, Dostoevskyian, in film and fiction; eros would be the poetic—the
lyrical—finding its image in woman/the feminine, and having to recognize its presence
in oneself: a self involved in rendering the sensual mental sphere which is
what I basically find in poetry or at least my poetic heroes; finally, logos
would be the narrative principle—uniting novelist and certain film-makers as
controllers of the narration/diegesis. It will be seen at once that this change
in emphasis, to the theoretical or categorical, lessens the attention to the
diachronic, historical approach—the point of autobiographical criticism—but not
if I can help it.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">My sense of art history, as a sequence of styles and their
attendant myths, should keep me focused on the passage of time as an element in
reception/conception. (Note: I’m sitting here, now, in the Blue State Coffee
Shop on York Street in New Haven, which used to be, when I first moved here, in
1994, a Willoughby’s Coffee Shop—the view out the window on York Street on the
rear of Yale’s Sterling Library hasn’t changed much (though there was
construction on the outside of the library for many years). I can’t sit here
and not remember writing one of the poems I worked on for “At Large,” the poem
called “Backseat Driver.”) My point—in that parenthesis—being that the time
that has passed from the day of that poem to this—which is to say from the
doctorate to now—is not lost but part of the perspective. Time must be
contained in the views of the myths, in the allegory of their reception, or I
have learned nothing. These thoughts, about the years at Princeton, come from
re-reading that Barthes essay, which takes me back to starting at Princeton and
the idea that exercised my mind at the time, to unpack the transition from the
realist novel to something more subjective, based on an aesthetic response, to
see how—again—the impact of history plays into aesthetic experience (a concept
I might now see as ‘myth’) as a thematic element of every narrative—which is to
say an indication of the author’s choices/assumptions about the “state of the
art” and the position of the probable reader/receiver. What kept me from fully
embracing Barthes et al. at the time was the sense that semiology was
ultimately not concerned with art qua art. In other words, it did not consider
the ‘usage’ of the strategies of art—in poetry, in literature—as substantially
different from any other form of discourse or media. My “aesthetic experience”
claim sought to foreground that particular use value which can only be found in
art. With the eclipse of most of my artistic assumptions in the name of
ubiquitous media, it’s no surprise that those ideas didn’t garner much support.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The concession, at this remove, occurs on several fronts. <i>First</i>,
the situatedness of the critic. The objectivity of theory and history has always
bothered me. The claims I make, as a critic, are to some degree
performative—which is where both autobiography and lyrical self come into play,
as they must, or there is no point in <i>me</i> writing this. My failings in
the profession come primarily from trying to write as others do, to appropriate
an appropriate voice/stance. If I am to “free my hand” then I’ve got to own the
stance entirely, which means “owning up” to the particular idiosyncrasies of
the critical gesture. Second: that situatedness has a political dimension
because of our surrounding context which interrogates privilege, racial
placement, gendered identity and all aspects of the social mimesis. That critical
tendency became prevalent as I was finishing at Princeton and was the marked
position of the academy at the time—the university as a white male dominated
space of intellectual colonialism, an oppression by other means. Because of the
steady chipping away at that monolith, any work that arrives as the
intervention of a hetero white male with Ivy League antecedents is going to be
suspect if not irrelevant. That I can’t help, but I can accept, jester-like,
the use of irony. “Hide, fox, and all after” has long been my motto, with all
due acknowledgment of its source. The placement of critical pressure on
historical accident, the stress on trivial identification factors (whom one’s
ancestors were and whom one has sex with and how) as determinant of “position,”
is a way of recognizing that the social uses of art, more—its value for social
recognition and identification—is all that matters in this period.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The “driven to abstraction” nature of my earliest
incarnations take root there as there is no access to that mode of thought by
means of those trivial factors. So this—belated—recognition of the social
importance—for critical purposes—of that ground is something that the criticism
must register. The work on “Between Days” has made that aspect of my past—now
told by a self-styled narrator—more accessible and even relevant, particularly
where the “myth” of the author/artist is concerned. No doubt a part of that
analysis will be of the trajectory of that concept as it plays through my
earliest identifications and into the state it now occupies in all its situated
banality. What kept me away from biographical/historical analysis of the artist/author
before was my sense that such work was essentially gossip writ large. I still
believe that, but there is some merit in meeting that view with a grasp of the
self-deprecating humor necessary to the form (“who’s he when he’s at home?”).
If one can’t countenance the continuity between text and being, between the
authority of the author and the triviality of the person, then one becomes a
worshipper, an idolater. <i>That</i> I am not.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Third: aesthetic experience as but one factor (even if a
“supreme fiction”) in the reception of the everyday fiction of mediated
existence. Some version of that argument was contained—at what lengths!—in the
transition from modernism to postmodernism and it could be said that my
perspective is still a postmodern, “Baby Boom” perspective on the era that I
lived through, but, if so, it’s one that has been shaped both by my elders
(those born in the ‘30s and ’40s), my contemporaries (born in the ‘50s and
‘60s), and my juniors (born in the ‘70s and ‘80s). The elders come to me through
literature, film and rock; the contemporaries share those fields. The
juniors—as my stepson’s and my daughter’s generation—inherit them and have
their own emphases. The subsequent generation (‘90s and ‘00s) is the student
population that may or may not receive the lesson. My locus in that tripartite
division is key to my outlook, and it will be key to the historical
situatedness of the account. Which is a way of saying that the context—supplied
by those who lived through World War 2—is distorted by the elders, moving into
the counter-cultural emphases of those born in the ‘40s (who are now our elder
statespersons), received—with all due irony and apathy—by those born in the
‘50s and ‘60s (a kind of “lost generation” of its own, but finding—for me—some
ready heroes, particularly in rock, less so in the fine arts), moving on to the
generation now approaching its fulcrum of middle-age (forty, fifty years old).
The true juniors—in their twenties and thirties—are so readily identified with
the twenty-first century and its technologies of (so far) benign surveillance
and its failing environments and embattled borders as to be largely indifferent
to these arguments. So, granted, the target audience is still “my
students”—those who were grad students and undergrads in the 2000s. As we move
into the 2020s I can only gesture toward what deluge awaits, seeing 2022—100
years after <i>Ulysses</i>—as the place where the record of modernist myth must
reach a kind of end-stop. So, then, the myths . . . [Note: I’ve projected spring
of 2022 as the completion of the Tarot panels, 12/2/20]</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">A simple schema would yield ethos as comedy, pathos as
tragedy, eros as lyric (whether poetry or song), logos as narrative (in film
and fiction). But, while that might work at the schematic level, I don’t think
it works in practice. The “comic” as an ethos could be a factor in any genre,
as such it’s part of the perspective. Yet I see this as significant, an aspect
of my outlook that I may have neglected. The point, then, is to establish the
originary myths. The pathos of the hero and the antic comic hero—the value of
irony. One would be the hero as redeemed by suffering, another would be the
hero whose insouciance carries the day. Another would be the femme fatale of
drama and of song; the muse; the model; the artist-hero; the creative ego; the
demiurge; the daemon; the various myths of the rock-bard, like the movie star,
are deeply invested with a specular identity, but that also serves the
scholar-star, the creative genius, the unprecedented talent, the romantic hero;
then there’s the trickster, the jester, the fool. The narrator-hero, the
observer, the chronicler, the historian, the critic—these are all positions,
entities, but the task is to extract the ideology and poetics of these subject
positions. And since most of them mark the reception of and identification with
the works of lit, music, film, the analysis should take us into the basis of
intrinsic conceptions. What I’ve mainly been thinking of, in terms of
explication, is my own formation as a critic-subject, a developmental account,
but this newer conception puts the critique at the forefront.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Thus, the development is of a series of myths that prolong
the ideology of art (as alternative to culture) and invite the poetics of the
self-formation that leads to the critique. The end result is not an artwork,
nor an artist’s creative ego, but a critical engagement with the perspective
made possible by certain interactions and experiences—aesthetic, yes, but
requiring an account of what that entails. It’s likely that at any given stage
in this diachronic account there will be dominant figures, the unavoidable “new
figure” that encapsulates and challenges, that creates the expectation of a
further satisfaction. Of course, the line I was considering previously—derived
from Stevens’ “Supreme Fiction”—was the abstraction (ethos), change (pathos),
pleasure (eros) trio, which still pertains, but at a more meta level. And that
level (allegory or supreme fiction) is the vantage point that may be “beyond
critique” or “beyond interpretation” as some would have it. It’s the passion
for the task that undoes the performance of it. The untamed, untutored essence
of need. Abstraction, as I said earlier today, was the necessary lie against
bleak reality, recognizing the lack within the particular—so a supplement for
the sake of a “higher calling” (a myth in itself); change (pathos) has always
been intimate to my vision—what found such fascination in Proust, the
realization of time as the tension between “the eternal” (the analogue to an
ethos of “the universal”) and the time-bound loss, the impossibility of a fixed
value. And that leaves eros/pleasure as the temptation to linger in good
feelings, the sustaining attention to sensual satisfactions—seeing, hearing,
touching, consuming—where “the work” is a feast, a dance, a spectacle, a
trance, a poem. Breaking the trance is the work of criticism, an inscription on
a tomb.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I wait in anger and amusement<br />In my rehearsals for retirement</p><p class="MsoNormal">If I'd have known the end would end in laughter<br />
Still I'd tell my daughter that it doesn't matter<br />
<br />
Farewell, my own true love, farewell, my fancy<br />
Are you still ownin' me, love, though you failed me?<br />
But one last gesture for your pleasure<br />
I'll paint your memory on the monument<br />
In my rehearsals for retirement<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">--Phil Ochs, “Rehearsals for Retirement” (1969)</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vf_fvte_lWA/X8eqyxjB3MI/AAAAAAAAIUY/0DOxDxb91IwJTstn_sth0GlS3nVv63DEACLcBGAsYHQ/s355/61PJHOfjIYL._SX355_.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="354" data-original-width="355" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vf_fvte_lWA/X8eqyxjB3MI/AAAAAAAAIUY/0DOxDxb91IwJTstn_sth0GlS3nVv63DEACLcBGAsYHQ/s320/61PJHOfjIYL._SX355_.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>Donald Brownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06391024449222256377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28991791.post-53707983472942521642020-12-02T09:28:00.003-05:002021-07-02T07:05:35.063-04:00SOME THOUGHTS (BARTHES) FROM LAST YEAR<p>3/11/19</p><p>I was thinking this morning of how the type of account I
want to write should begin with a statement of main themes, that it’s not
enough—as I tend to do in lists—to enumerate proper names with maybe a tagline
to indicate critical orientation. Then, having had a look-in yesterday at
Baudrillard’s <i>Conspiracy of Art</i>, I picked up this morning Barthes’ “Myth
Today,” which includes, as perhaps ultimate inspiration or challenge, the
lines: “In a word, I do not yet see a synthesis between ideology and
poetry.”—with the two seen as “two equally extreme methods”: “either to posit a
reality which is entirely permeable to history, and ideologize; or, conversely,
to posit a reality which is ultimately impenetrable, irreducible, and, in this
case, poeticize.”</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">For me, the true poeticization is something like “Metro Lace”
where language serves the purpose of asserting arbitrary relations to the
subject and object—it is a bridge between two things, each with its own status,
and the poem approximates moods only, making the capacities of language
register presence—thus a sensual act because the writer is a locus of senses
and sensory impressions in the act of operating language.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">But a critical language needs history—which is biographical
first because the utterance has to be placed in time and because the evaluation
is retrospective. “Entirely permeable to history”—though—is more extreme than
what I had been considering. And that’s where reading Barthes’s very lucid
discussion may be crucial at this time. For I begin to see that what has hung
me up all along is what I might call the particular vantage of my intervention.
I’ve wanted it to be “autobiographical” or “lyrical” criticism, a story of
becoming, à
la Nietzsche’s “How One Becomes Who One Is,” but that is fraught with the
difficulty of articulating who and where and what one is. The account creates
its author, I don’t doubt, but that’s an intimidating prospect. As “lyrical,”
the account allows for a love story, of sorts, and that might too easily become
fan notes or the glib appreciations the internet is rife with. But Barthes’s
concept of myth brings me to something I’ve been trying to suggest with such
formulations as “exile,” “pursuit,” and “flight.” The point is that the
perspective has to be one willing to excavate the myths built into the objects
by their context (the historical imperative) and to witness the myths of
becoming that each object bequeaths.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Here, then, we’re engaged in true critique, the type that
would extract principles of becoming, not so absolute as an interrogation of
essence by means of substance, or of form by accident—since I don’t think I
will uncover Platonism at the heart of the endeavor, nor phenomenology, but
rather a Nietzschean or possibly romantic irony, a gesture, in other words,
toward art/poetry by other means. But if I am attentive to the myths built
into, or incorporated by, the reception of the object, and how that reception
creates or stimulates a certain subject—the subject as
receptor/receiver/reader/viewer—then the point of the writer in the equation
(what Barthes calls the mythologist) is to delineate the ideology at work each
step of the way because, in Barthes’s terms, revolution does not occur. The
failure of revolution is the real failure, or the failure of the Real. The arts
are, at best, a gesture toward emancipation, but that impetus only exists to
end up in art. So that even a “revolution of the word” or a revolution of ways
and means within the artform still stops short of eradicating the art world and
the history of art. This particular confrontation, compromise and concession
has to be acknowledged within the objects, but also within the spectator—as
observer, not actant. We are always watching a pageant go by, that’s the nature
of the condition. What Barthes points us to is acknowledgment of the degree to
which we take the “nature” or naturalness of our condition from the bourgeois
world that dominates all critique and tables each intervention. As such,
protest is always theater and acting out, unless one sets aside representation
and manifests overthrow; that, at times, is the context by which the object is
informed, but that gesture becomes encoded into its subsequent reception, into
its status as a historic break or defeat.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">See Barthes: “Bourgeois ideology continuously transforms the
products of history into essential types . . . . So it cannot rest until it has
obscured the ceaseless making of the world, fixed this world into an object
which can be forever possessed, catalogued its riches, embalmed it, and
injected into reality some purifying essence which will stop its
transformation, its flight toward other forms of existence. And these riches,
thus fixated and frozen, will at least become computable: bourgeois morality
will essentially be a weighing operation, the essences will be placed in scales
of which bourgeois man will remain the motionless beam. For the very end of
myths is to immobilize the world: they must suggest and mimic a universal order
which has fixated once and for all the hierarchy of possessions. Thus, every
day and everywhere, man is stopped by myths, referred by them to this
motionless prototype which lives in his place, stifles him in the manner of a
huge internal parasite, and assigns to his activity the narrow limits within
which he is allowed to suffer without upsetting the world: bourgeois
pseudophysis is in the fullest sense a prohibition for man against inventing
himself. Myths are nothing but this ceaseless, untiring solicitation, this
insidious and inflexible demand that all men recognize themselves in this
image, eternal yet bearing a date, which was built of them one day as if for
all time. For Nature, in which they are locked up under the pretext of being
eternalized, is nothing but a Usage. And it is this Usage, however lofty, that
they must take in hand and transform.”</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">It’s clear to me, from the above, that for too long I’ve
entertained the idea of enumeration, the weighing in the scales—<i>this</i> is
more significant than <i>that</i>—for the purpose of creating “the universal
order of the hierarchy of possessions”—to create that eternal analogue of my
former life, the life I lived within the objects as “worlds” to explore. But I
see in Barthes the challenge to objectify the myths of the things themselves,
to write as a means to “take in hand and transform the Usage”—where the “usage”
is the values gained from the museum, the library, the archive, the collection,
the syllabus, the news bulletin, the ad, the prospectus, and the transformation
has to come from the twin actions of ideologizing and poeticizing—where history
is the autobiography (a life in time) and lyric is the acquired language/taste
of a life lived in art.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5oOEf5CXYZ4/X8ej_r51Z_I/AAAAAAAAIUM/aJKTiAthhwsl6q4cM_pyu3R7AVJ6PNb5ACLcBGAsYHQ/s499/41avuaYgb8L._SX331_BO1%252C204%252C203%252C200_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="499" data-original-width="333" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5oOEf5CXYZ4/X8ej_r51Z_I/AAAAAAAAIUM/aJKTiAthhwsl6q4cM_pyu3R7AVJ6PNb5ACLcBGAsYHQ/s320/41avuaYgb8L._SX331_BO1%252C204%252C203%252C200_.jpg" /></a></div><br /><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>Donald Brownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06391024449222256377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28991791.post-28448740953636468012020-09-21T22:26:00.014-04:002022-06-02T08:36:17.158-04:00Paintings, City Wide Open Studios, New Haven, October 2020<p>The following introduces the images I’m sharing in this
year’s City-Wide Open Studios in New Haven, CT (here’s a link to the site at
<a href="https://cwos.viewingrooms.com/artists/182-donald-brown/" target="_blank">Artspace</a>).</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>1. “Now & Then: Self Portrait with Photos” (January
1983, and August/September 2020; 24" x 30")</b></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-s7x54vxhye8/X2ldpcnT3II/AAAAAAAAILw/1KM_UQabRhEADA8GJKERG-8yGhByzgsSQCLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/DMB%2B1%2B%25282%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1651" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-s7x54vxhye8/X2ldpcnT3II/AAAAAAAAILw/1KM_UQabRhEADA8GJKERG-8yGhByzgsSQCLcBGAsYHQ/w516-h640/DMB%2B1%2B%25282%2529.jpg" width="516" /></a></div><br /><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></b><p></p><p class="MsoNormal">I'm feeling more Proustian than usual, thanks to this
inter-temporal slam. Back in the winter of 1983, I was 23 and worked in
security at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, and spent a lot of time
hanging out with current and former students there, as well as a number of
Philadelphia poets and artists. I painted a self-portrait that featured, on the
right-hand side, my image in the bathroom mirror (the boards through the
plaster showed renovation work that was halted when we moved in), and, on the left,
a painting in black and white based on a photo of me in March, 1982, around the
time of my daughter’s first birthday. In between were pasted three reproductions
of a photo of me at 20 (my first winter in Philly) which I painted upon. The lower
left showed a sunrise on the ocean when we stayed in Ocean City, MD, in June of
1981, and the upper left showed a view of Bar Harbor, ME, from Cadillac
Mountain, from a visit in October the same year. The idea was to preserve me at
that moment (the start of the end of the Philly era, as it turned out), set
beside some images from the recent past that informed that period.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In 2020, the Kehler-Liddell Gallery in Westville put out a
call for artists to contribute to a show called “I Am”: “How do you see
yourself? How do others see you? What makes you, you? From selfies to personal
branding to the complexities of identity politics, our carefully crafted
personas are routinely broadcast to the world via the internet. The modern
world revels in the revelation of a semblance of self, allowing us to conceal
as much as we reveal. In this age of unprecedented exposure, how can an artist
offer some fresh statement of self?” (<a href="https://www.newhavenindependent.org/index.php/archives/entry/klg_i_am/" target="_blank">Here</a>’s a link to Brian Slattery’s
coverage of the exhibit for the <i>New Haven Independent</i>.) I didn’t submit
anything but the question made me think of my youthful self-portrait, which I
wouldn’t have submitted as is because I was never quite satisfied with it. That
got me thinking about painting-in a new, contemporary, twenty-first-century
face.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Initially I thought I might use a very good photograph my
wife Mary took of me for a class she was taking around 2017. But that already
was a little dated. I turned 60 in 2019 and it made sense that the picture
should be from the new decade in my life—the 60s!—and from the new decade we’ve
begun—the Twenties! Shortly after my sixty-first birthday in August, with
“Covid hair” in evidence, I took a selfie with my Surface and that’s what the
new face on the left is based on. Further work was done on the “me” of 1983 as
well, and the ocean (which was the part most fun to paint and which looks
forward to a series of seascapes I hope to get started on soon).</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">While working on the painting, I played cassette tapes I
still have from 1983 as well as an iTunes playlist featuring only LPs from
1980-83 that I owned at the time. Who says you can’t go home again?</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In response to the K-L Gallery query: The activity of
painting recalls someone I have been at various times in my life, and am trying
to be again. For it’s not simply an action—painting—it’s an assertion of
identity. One becomes the maker of this particular thing, and of another, and
another . . . But there is no resting within that identity because it’s
predicated on activity, an activity that changes with each new attempt. The
task of painting what one sees becomes at once a reflection upon how perception
changes day to day. There’s no enduring gaze, there are only the discrete
moments of looking. Even a static image changes. And that fact, which used to
defeat me and make me despair of ever “getting it right,” now keeps me in the
game, given over to the effort to paint the way I see at the moment. And—here
music contributes in subtle ways—the way I feel from moment to moment, or song
to song. Part of the process of trial and error means relearning how to paint,
or of learning how I paint now. “I Am” both painter and painted, and, in the
painting, both 23 and 61.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>2. “Baby Mommy” (September-December, 2019; 14" x 18")<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JfCOflwjiBA/X2leNNZwXGI/AAAAAAAAIL4/xR3A4KvJKO0JFabYsHyT2uA0gq2S4q5ugCLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/DMB%2B2%2B%25282%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1593" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JfCOflwjiBA/X2leNNZwXGI/AAAAAAAAIL4/xR3A4KvJKO0JFabYsHyT2uA0gq2S4q5ugCLcBGAsYHQ/w498-h640/DMB%2B2%2B%25282%2529.jpg" width="498" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The return to painting after a twenty-year lay-off started a
year ago with this painting. The photograph shows my mother—who died in 2011 at
age 82—at three or four, and so dates from around 1932. She is dressed for her
portrait in a white, billowy dress adorned with embroidery across the shoulders
and neckline, with puffy short sleeves and a cape, discernible off to her left
side. Dress shoes—one is visible as she sits with one leg beneath her, the
other foot is out of the frame. She leans forward slightly, eyes gazing at
something, or simply intent upon not blinking. The face is a bit tense but
also—I sense—greatly impressed at the fuss it must have taken to appear so
perfect. Her hair is carefully combed, and she wears a bracelet on her right
arm and a pendant around her neck. There she sits, Elaine May Taylor, third child
and third daughter of Mr. and Mrs. James Patrick Taylor of Wilmington,
Delaware, at her best. Understood even then, I suspect, as an icon of the
ephemeral beauty of childhood.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The activity of painting involves what’s called “muscle
memory”—indeed, that’s one of its great attractions, as some might feel for
cooking or running or playing an instrument or any of dozens of physical
activities. Which may include dancing or making love. And the latter is the act
I find most akin to painting because it is a labor of love, this effort to
render an image. Working from a photograph presents certain immediate
frustrations—you can only see what the camera shows. And what the camera shows
has been frozen in a lifelike but non-living image. To put life into it—my life—is
the task, certainly. But, more importantly, the effort means putting my
mother’s life into the image. Day after day I painted and watched her face
change—watched as I changed her face—letting me glimpse my older brother, Tom,
or Joan Walters, a cousin my age (who then died in April), or my mother’s
father—recalling his resemblance to my younger brother, Jerry—or our sister
Kathy, or even my daughter Kajsa, whose face I drew many times for a collage of
images from photographs of her, newborn to age ten, back in the mid-90s. To
find those other faces lurking in my mother’s child-face as I painted and
repainted it was to see again our interrelations, while the face that emerged
in the painting was not my mother as a child, or not only. The look in her
eyes—in the eyes I fashioned for her—was a look I had seen, it was the stare
not of the child in the photo, who would become my mother, but of my mother as
I knew her. That double vision—was it only in my eyes, looking at what I had
done, or was it there more tangibly? My deceased mother’s living gaze brought
back to me as an object to be regarded, as a “thing” that had been, that had—in
a sense—never gone away. The painting I created was not my mother as a little
girl, but a little girl as my mother, a baby mommy.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><br /></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b>3. “Not Yet Dad” (January-April, 2020; 14" x 18")</b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QLNPudyTZpU/X2leb7OHXwI/AAAAAAAAIL8/EBs_AOBuVXUgGtrc6sx7j4jF-orgnLxlACLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/DMB%2B3%2B%25282%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1590" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QLNPudyTZpU/X2leb7OHXwI/AAAAAAAAIL8/EBs_AOBuVXUgGtrc6sx7j4jF-orgnLxlACLcBGAsYHQ/w496-h640/DMB%2B3%2B%25282%2529.jpg" width="496" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Here the idea was to do a quick study from a photograph of
my father, Fred Earl Brown, 1927-1996. The picture was taken in a photo booth
with my mother around the time, I believe, they became engaged in 1949. They
married in August of that year and my dad turned 22 in October. I liked the way
my father engaged the camera in this photo, ready to start his life with the
woman at his side. He had been in the service as a Marine, but he was not yet a
dad. Their first child would not be born until March 1952, when my father was
24. The fact that I was a dad before my 22nd birthday gave me a certain pleasurable
feeling of priority over that young dude. The photo is black and white so I had
considerable leeway in choosing colors, and the expectation that I would paint this
one quickly soon faded away. I had thought, because my mother’s photo was such
a fine studio affair, that it would be the more difficult to render, but the
flash-bulb-lighting on my father was the kind of distortion that is foolish to
render as is, in paint. So it took some time before I got a tonality and
balance I could live with.</p><p class="MsoNormal">There’s the old canard of the poet Paul Val<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span>ry
saying that, for amateurs, a poem is never finished, only abandoned. A comment
I’ve often applied self-consciously, with an ironic smirk, to my own efforts.
Val<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span>ry,
a certain kind of perfectionist, wouldn’t undertake any work unless he knew
what “the end” was, what it was he wanted to achieve and why. Well, we all
can’t be Val<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span>ry,
and many of us simply blunder along, trying things, eventually saying “I give
up.” In fact, the only thing that made me stop work on this painting was the
fact that I needed to move on, to begin the series that comprises the rest of
the images in this inventory. And because any further work would only distort
what I’d already achieved, and I didn’t want to find out where such distortion
would take me. Not with this. The photograph, unprofessional as it is, has a
charm I wanted to maintain and that has to do with walking a line between
simply sentimental evocation—which I don’t at all disparage, at this point in
my life, whatever I might’ve felt about such motivations as a younger man—and
something more elusive. That “something” kept me involved because (whatever it
is), it entails a search within myself for a reason to do anything so <i>de
trop</i>, so superfluous, as making a thing. A photograph can be scanned, made
into a digital facsimile, photoshopped, and shared. What can be the purpose of
rendering that image as a separate object, if not the experience that occurs in
the fashioning? And that’s the very thing—my skepticism says—not likely to be
present to other eyes or at least not as a particular experience. The
question of particularity—this particular image at this particular time—is apt
to be meaningless to anyone but me. Even my siblings or my father’s
grandchildren, familiar or not with this image of his youth, aren’t likely to
relive their relation to him simply because I made this painting. And yet
something like that is my goal: to live the hours spent making the image as a
kind of homage—to my father’s past, to the beam in his eye, and to my past
indebted to him and to whatever aspect of our connection still lives. While
painting “Baby Mommy” I thought of my father once saying—watching me paint as a
teenager still living at home—“I’m gonna have to chain you to the easel.” He
meant, quite rightly, that I was very lazy about painting, even back then when
I was doing Frank Frazetta copies for spending money, and I wasted a lot of
time not making any effort and a lot of effort not putting in the time. So, on
this one, I put in a lot of time.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>The Tarot Panels<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">This is not the place to go into the history of my interest
in the 22 cards called the “Major Arcana” in the Tarot deck. Suffice to say the
curiosity dates from around 1980 and that I wrote a poem for each of the 22
cards between 1988 and 1992, which I gave a public reading of while in grad
school at Princeton. A few efforts to publish them as a chapbook went nowhere
and my interest drifted to other things. When I moved to Hamden in 2016, I
hoped the extra room would give me a place to paint and one of the ideas was to
do an “illustrated Arcana” in some fashion. When the COVID lockdown occurred in
March, I got immersed in texts and notes to see how I’d approach that.
Developing a logic I’ll maybe go into on some other post, I broke up the 22
cards into four groups of five, with two leftover, one as transition and the
other as outcome. The four groups were titled—following on ideas about literary
interpretation I spent some post-doc years developing—“Ethos,” “Pathos,”
“Eros,” “Logos.” I considered doing a very big painting for each group with the
two extras as stand-alone images. But that didn’t feel right. And I don’t
really want to work so big in my spare room home studio anyway. The two
paintings of my parents both happened to be 14” x 18” and that seemed a good
size for the Tarot panels. Panels because canvas stretched on board to feel and
look a bit more like playing cards. So it should be possible to hang all five
on a wall at once, and to even rotate them through the seasons and so forth…</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Initially, my plan to join the City-Wide Open Studios was to
garner a wall to hang the first group of five on—“Ethos”—which should be in a
quincunx with #1 in the center, #2 above, #3 to the left, #4 below, #5 to the
right. My hope was to do one a month and have all five done by September.
It didn’t happen and COVID meant no wall anyway. So, here are the three I
consider “done” as of now. #4, “XV The Devil” is begun and #5, “IX The Hermit,”
may be by the end of October? In any case, I’ll add them as they come along.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>4. Tarot Panel 1: “0 The Fool” (April-May, 2020; 14" x 18")<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3Wn_HO_311A/X2lftbGfSII/AAAAAAAAIMg/zOKSU7kEgEw0yQmvQQEU6IS3DONH4nhzwCLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/DMB%2B4%2B%25283%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1589" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3Wn_HO_311A/X2lftbGfSII/AAAAAAAAIMg/zOKSU7kEgEw0yQmvQQEU6IS3DONH4nhzwCLcBGAsYHQ/w496-h640/DMB%2B4%2B%25283%2529.jpg" width="496" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal">The standard image—borrowed from the Golden Dawn Tarot pack
developed by A.E. Waite and Pamela Colman Smith—is of an aesthete-looking guy
stepping off a cliff while brandishing a flower and carrying a knapsack. I didn’t
ponder too long over this card because I’ve drawn a couple different
adaptations of it, in different contexts, over the years. The main change was
to depart from motley for the Fool—I liked the association with the Fool in <i>King
Lear</i>, one of my favorite Shakespeare characters in one of my favorite
Shakespeare plays. But this time I wanted a contemporary fool, and the act of
checking his phone while stepping into the abyss struck me as irresistible. His
clothes came from a google search of hip threads of the times, while the
figure’s stance came from Rodin’s statue “John the Baptist preaching.” I needed
a naturalistic space, I felt, so the fact of his imminent plunge would be
clear. I selected the Cliffs of Moher in Ireland, well-known as “the Cliffs of Insanity”
in <i>The Princess Bride</i>. And the Fool’s features are meant to recall those
of the young Hermann Hesse (around the time he wrote <i>Knulp</i>, a novella
about a free-spirit who wanders about without any ties to person or place)
whose works helped me, as a teen, get into Nietzsche’s <i>Thus Spoke
Zarathustra</i>, which I associate with the spirit of The Fool, in its more
philosophical inspirations. (For more synopsis, via a song playlist, go <a href="https://browndmt.blogspot.com/2021/12/the-tarot-tapes-1.html" target="_blank">here</a>.)<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>5. Tarot Panel 2: “XIX The Sun” (May-September, 2020; 14" x 18")</b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0vmvxB1WDBo/X2le84_36sI/AAAAAAAAIMQ/KDu6cs2Y6P8e8ukIDU_XW-oVbJE3reN9gCLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/DMB%2B5%2B%25282%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1570" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0vmvxB1WDBo/X2le84_36sI/AAAAAAAAIMQ/KDu6cs2Y6P8e8ukIDU_XW-oVbJE3reN9gCLcBGAsYHQ/w490-h640/DMB%2B5%2B%25282%2529.jpg" width="490" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Unlike the Fool, which has a story of sorts, the Sun is
mostly just a symbol, or else it’s the heavenly body itself. To paint a picture
of the sun is not an easy thing to do, and what should its foreground or
background be? All along I knew—drawing again on the Waite-Smith deck—that
there would be a young nude male in the image. He should be an embodiment of
the Sun. A Sun-child. The Sun god. The search went out for cherubs and cupids
and a number were found that might suffice. In the end I came to rely, mostly,
on the figure of Cupid that stands, mini-me style, on a first-century statue of
Augustus Caesar from Prima Porta. Except that my Cupid-Sun figure would be
holding a glass up to see his own countenance. To get the look on his face was
a long bout of trial and error—at one point I had a face that was quite lyrical
and dreamy, then a self-satisfied look that reminded me of the young Marlon
Brando, and a couple others. The face that finally emerged owes something to an
image of a Renaissance putti a facebook friend happened to post. The idea is that
The Sun is personified as a nude man-child looking raptly at himself in a kind
of “sun bubble” that flourishes with sunflowers and corn, to symbolize summer
in my part of the world, while below all is desolate sunbaked wasteland,
recalling two famous poetic lines: “a gaze blank and pitiless as the sun” (from
Yeats’ “The Second Coming”) and “boundless and bare / The lone and level sands
stretch far away” (from Shelley’s “Ozymandias”). (For more synopsis, via a song playlist, go <a href="https://browndmt.blogspot.com/2022/02/the-tarot-tapes-2-xix-sun.html" target="_blank">here</a>.)<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>6. Tarot Panel 3: “I The Magus” (July-September, 2020; 14" x 18")</b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-L6pdBsgENTE/X2lfSsrsilI/AAAAAAAAIMY/6vSNaxCi7sIRB9QYiVm8n625Gi_gbgc5wCLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/DMB%2B6%2B%25282%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1593" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-L6pdBsgENTE/X2lfSsrsilI/AAAAAAAAIMY/6vSNaxCi7sIRB9QYiVm8n625Gi_gbgc5wCLcBGAsYHQ/w498-h640/DMB%2B6%2B%25282%2529.jpg" width="498" /></a></div><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p><br /></o:p></p>The figure of the Magus, or Magician, should be potent. Initially,
my conception of the figure I wanted to portray drew on Jimi Hendrix, a
magician of the guitar whose playing first held me rapt around age 10 (when
Hendrix was still alive). Some subsequent thought made me think of merging Hendrix
with Prince, a musical figure from my own generation to whom he could be
compared in creating a unique niche in rock music as a black artist. The image
would be a charismatic performer, maybe with a guitar maybe not, kneeling on a
stage singing into a microphone, his clothes a flamboyant mash-up of Jimi and
Prince. For further inspiration I compiled a tape alternating songs by the two
performers. Then came the protests for the ruthless murder of George Floyd in
Minneapolis (Prince’s hometown) and my Magus would have to be seen taking a
knee. He would hold his microphone aloft to invite the voices of the crowd, his
raised finger showering sparks—perhaps incendiary, perhaps illuminating. His
hat I borrowed from a photo of Lamont Steptoe, a black poet-friend of mine from
Philadelphia, while the rainbow sash recalls Hendrix’s Rainbow Bridge and the
alchemy of colors in “Bold as Love,” as well as the rainbow of LGBTQ awareness.
The plaque in the background copies an ancient Egyptian relief of the god
Thoth, a kind of analogue to the Greek god Hermes, known for his magical
knowledge and for having given humanity writing, and often associated with The
Magus card. The Ankh symbol on the hat I used to wear on a chain around my
neck, in high school, and is generally interpreted as a symbol for eternal
life.<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>Donald Brownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06391024449222256377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28991791.post-86254734577618012612017-07-17T13:24:00.001-04:002022-02-03T13:30:31.973-05:00RETRO READING: CAMUS<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--><br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:DoNotShowComments/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false"
DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="375">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footer"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Mention"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Smart Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hashtag"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Unresolved Mention"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-0BYVmQLG92Y/WW9Pc8LMN8I/AAAAAAAAHHU/HEgyw-QsMlMmTLFFNwuwEmaN8G_wo_1JACLcBGAs/s1600/21650675.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="395" data-original-width="500" height="252" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-0BYVmQLG92Y/WW9Pc8LMN8I/AAAAAAAAHHU/HEgyw-QsMlMmTLFFNwuwEmaN8G_wo_1JACLcBGAs/s320/21650675.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Re-read Camus’ <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Fall</i>, probably the first time since the 1980s. I read it first around 1974,
I think, and it was part of the background I draw on when I recall my high
school reading. The formative stuff. My recollection of it—the bar, the quays,
the bridge—played a part in the initial “Axis and the Fallen Angel” composition
of around ’76 or so. Reading <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Fall</i>
now, I see in it the seeds of my conviction, fully ignited by reading Nietzsche
in those days, that the purpose of life was a kind of mental clarity about
one’s state—I suppose I would’ve accepted “spiritual state” as a good enough
phrase for what I had in mind. Key to that intention was a need to do away with
the teachings of the Catholic church in the name of something else. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-h5PIqCW-gss/WW9OGXVyjUI/AAAAAAAAHHE/MuJzaIn3cjcjtRH7aKWKqVA06lgo1zVywCEwYBhgL/s1600/5d71924b674db944ff7b4d54040c744a--the-fall-albert-camus-albert-camus-books.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="515" data-original-width="300" height="200" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-h5PIqCW-gss/WW9OGXVyjUI/AAAAAAAAHHE/MuJzaIn3cjcjtRH7aKWKqVA06lgo1zVywCEwYBhgL/s200/5d71924b674db944ff7b4d54040c744a--the-fall-albert-camus-albert-camus-books.jpg" width="116" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Fall</i>, the
speaker’s insistence on judgment—to give it and to escape it—plays into that
need. One could accept that one would be judged “sinful” by the arbiters of
that law one was raised with, but the effort was to free oneself of that view,
to find another way. The greatest risk was that one had wasted one’s time, one
had squandered one’s gifts—and life, with whatever talents and intelligence one
possessed, was the chief gift. One was indebted, from the start, but how to
repay that debt? For the artist, the way was clear, in a sense: use one’s
talents to the best of one’s ability. But there one encounters a question: how
do we determine “best use,” how do we understand—or even perceive or
conceive—what “talent” compels? It becomes “a blessing and a curse,” as the
song says; it becomes a test of one’s mettle all along the way. One reason I
want to go back to the scene of starting out is because I want to see again
where I went wrong—but, even more so, I want to reshape the past for the sake
of the present and possibly for a different future. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_tyw-TfU6u0/WW9ORMg78EI/AAAAAAAAHHI/AYQuK6gOAz0Ux5hO6339lKPHPu0UTIxlwCLcBGAs/s1600/519Pz0BMD3L._SX320_BO1%252C204%252C203%252C200_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="499" data-original-width="322" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_tyw-TfU6u0/WW9ORMg78EI/AAAAAAAAHHI/AYQuK6gOAz0Ux5hO6339lKPHPu0UTIxlwCLcBGAs/s320/519Pz0BMD3L._SX320_BO1%252C204%252C203%252C200_.jpg" width="206" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Returning to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Fall</i>
interests me because I know that the speaker’s insistence that “we need
slavery” is something I grasped at some basic level back then—in two senses. One
was with Rimbaud’s “we are slaves, let us not curse life.” A complex statement
that says our slavery is built into the system we serve. We have our assigned
tasks and we let them determine our identities, to a large extent. We are given
money for this and so we cease to call it slavery—we are “free,” we say, to
choose. But if we are honest, we know how little choice we have. Somewhere in
that notion, as I received it, was Nietzsche’s “What, a great man? I see rather
the play-actor of his own ideal.” That line, to me, undermined even the unique
life of the artist or leader. Such figures were still slaves to an ideal, an
intention, that governed them. We might wade through the biographies of
everyone whom talent or wealth or wisdom supposedly freed until we come at the
moment when they are ruled by something—call it love, call it God, call it
need, call it—maybe even—justice. It doesn’t matter. It’s an ideal that shapes
that person’s acts, making them, at best, an actor—pretending they “have it,”
the ideal—at worst, a puppet, an automaton compelled by the ideal to—and here’s
where Camus comes in—make excuses. For we all fail our ideal. And so must own
up to it, or take it out on others. “No excuses ever, for anyone; that’s my
principle at the outset. I deny the good intention, the respectable mistake,
the indiscretion, the extenuating circumstance. With me there is no giving of
absolution or blessing . . . .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In
philosophy as in politics, I am for any theory that refuses to grant man
innocence and for any practice that treats him as guilty. You see, in me, tr<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">è</span>s
cher, an enlightened advocate of slavery.”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
So we come to the other sense of slavery—as the state of
those who require masters, or a master. In other words, the Hegelian
master/slave dichotomy. To me, coming from Catholicism, God was the ultimate
master and we his slaves because he owned us—having created us for his own
reasons. The Christian sense of this debt was simply that we should love Him,
worship Him, do His bidding to the extent we could perceive it. But if that
master is removed, then mastery itself becomes the task: to master oneself, to
make of oneself a master to be loved. To the master who achieves this, perhaps,
the mass of mankind would willingly be a slave. But the master? What kind of
freedom is his? It’s the kind of freedom (from masters) that Camus’ Clamence
calls “a chore . . . a long-distance race, quite solitary and very exhausting.”
The master enslaved to his mastery.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UQta0mchPgs/WW9O80RJJrI/AAAAAAAAHHM/37WUUA_1Ks0Wgqb1KjbRE-GatpQS5Ah4QCLcBGAs/s1600/61hdhYRwDsL.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="655" height="200" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UQta0mchPgs/WW9O80RJJrI/AAAAAAAAHHM/37WUUA_1Ks0Wgqb1KjbRE-GatpQS5Ah4QCLcBGAs/s200/61hdhYRwDsL.jpg" width="127" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This is not only the artist enslaved to his own ideal of
mastery—of, perhaps, preaching a message to the masses via art—but also the
task which Camus will imagine as the rock of Sisyphus. Pushing the rock up the
slope, Sisyphus masters gravity; letting it roll to the bottom and pursuing it,
he masters himself. But he is eternally enslaved to that struggle. There’s no
freedom through tasks. Freedom from all tasks—that, I suppose, was the tact I
took. The freedom simply to Be. To be, not only as “finale of Seem,” but Be as
the only acceptable slavery. For one must exist. Camus also argues for the acte
gratuit of suicide, as a gesture of mastery of the moment, and over life
itself—which some find, no doubt, in the taking of other lives. But it should
be clear that in the philosopher’s oubliette—or what Camus’ speaker calls “the
little-ease” (a medieval torture confinement)—we are only concerned with the
life we were given. (If one lets oneself become an executioner of the life of
others one is indeed defined by the task, by the fact of lives one can end
until someone or something ends one’s own life. Needless to say, all such acts
are distractions—as is sex and appetite—from the existential emptiness at the
heart of the endeavor, any endeavor.)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Granted, art or war—or maybe the art of war—are alike in
their valuing a skill set that must prove itself again and again. At some
level, the exercise of these skills may be an end in itself, but don’t we—the
spectators of the world historical cases these exercises establish—want
something more? Some like to speak of edification, but that’s a mighty abstract
idea. Don’t we want, really, a rooting interest? A sense that there are stakes
and that our hero-warrior or hero-artist or hero-ruler may fail mightily or
succeed greatly? But in what lies that success or failure? Renown? The eyes of
the multitude upon the acts, and the judgment—always the judgment of someone
from somewhere—that it was “worth the time,” “worth the candle,” worth—if it
must come to it—the whole world. And into that “world” we place the crying
babies of need, and the misused and abused women and men, and all those who
have shackled their fortunes to the side that lost, and all those who danced in
the streets with the side that won, and all those who never knew comfort and
all those who squandered riches untold, and all those who struggled to improve their
lot or the lot of others, and those who broke every rule and yet thrived, or
who reviled their betters or abased themselves for preference, or who lived
pious, quiet lives, exulting in God, or who threw all caution to the wind and
gave themselves over to every sensual pleasure and pain. “All” are subsumed in
this Battle Royale of one against the very principles of existence.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Thus existentialism chez Camus.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-t-nru12yS5A/WW9PGKnv8vI/AAAAAAAAHHQ/79KFGPqaAE8TxZkjticms8U1Qbi3iHkNgCLcBGAs/s1600/men_grayscale_writers_cigarett_2560x1600_artwallpaperhi.com_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1000" data-original-width="1600" height="250" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-t-nru12yS5A/WW9PGKnv8vI/AAAAAAAAHHQ/79KFGPqaAE8TxZkjticms8U1Qbi3iHkNgCLcBGAs/s400/men_grayscale_writers_cigarett_2560x1600_artwallpaperhi.com_.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Donald Brownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06391024449222256377noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28991791.post-76296739641197013982017-04-03T17:15:00.001-04:002017-04-03T17:15:47.327-04:00A SPEAKING LIKENESS<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--><br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false"
DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="374">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footer"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Mention"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Smart Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hashtag"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
What I’m after is a form of autobiography via criticism, or
vice versa, or both. The specifics of my life as the basis for my access to the
ideas I promulgate, but those ideas, taking their reference from the world
around me—via reading, listening, watching—become a critical encounter with how
art shapes a life. <u>Not</u> as an artist, but as audience. How collective
that achieved view will be may be the problem, for most readers. The unique
position of the speaker must include the reader in the thought, even if never
consciously speaking <u>for</u> her at least necessarily speaking <u>to</u>
her. Let’s call it, as a joke, a “speaking likeness,” for my words—in a manner
of speaking—will shape my thought and my thought will, if well-expressed, find
its “likeness” in a listener.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
What has long been clear to me is how lazy I am. To work at
something doesn’t suit me much. The “one-on-one” relation has always engaged my
sensibility best. I like an audience but I don’t trust its collectivity. A roomful
of individuals is hard to conceive—hard to address—as “one.” And yet—in
teaching—that’s what comes to hand: the points to be imparted have to assume
minds ready to receive them. And yet most of my necessary learning was gained
by reading, not listening to the oral explanations of others. Though putting
things into words, mostly in exchanges between or among a very few, played a
significant part in the later stages of my education. What set me apart, in
college, was that I was older and had already made up my mind about many
critical matters, based on my own exposures, and wasn’t solely taking my cue
from or repeating the teacher. Also, I read more—had read more—than was
assigned. It’s hard to find an audience of such ready youth today and yet one must
imagine it, if only to break silence and speak.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I hope I’ve got past seeing criticism as “somewhere to dump
all my negativity” (though sometimes I am still tempted). If so, that began in
earnest in college, when I wrote with a will to the intelligence of the
professor of the course, and continued into all the critical writing I’ve done
since. And, yes, sometimes I presumed myself to be explaining something even
the prof—to say nothing of a general audience—missed or failed to appreciate.
In the writing found in literary journals there is much that is too glib or too
personal to suit my taste and yet there is much good writing and many good ideas.
The trick is to avail oneself enough of the collective voice so as to get a
hearing but without simply uttering the same ideas already received. It’s not
novelty one wants so much as necessity. But that’s hard to account for <u>if</u>
one’s only real struggle is against time. “Necessity” in such a case may stem
from nothing more than wanting to put the record straight, to have one’s say,
to color the air while it lasts. So be it.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Which, of course, pretty much describes my sense of the
lyric, of poetry as simply a way of saying. The necessity of poetry—of poetic
speech—has always been, for me, an approximation of a state of being—more than
a state of mind—a way of knowing what is happening “where the meanings are,” as
Dickinson has it. But the meanings, as my voice will have it, are always
struggling to be indicated. There’s no simple task of calling a spade a spade
because language is already fabric or sound or machine or wave; it’s never just
a tool or a task. We inhabit it, we wear it, we imbibe it. We put it to uses,
but those uses, in poetry, become highly selective, furtive, questioning. But
questioning is no way to write a lecture or essay or review. One must use
language for the task of clarifying and rendering, of explaining and arguing,
of defining and making distinctions, of, maybe, charming and amusing, but not
remaking the terms for the sake of wayward intention. Still, something in the
waywardness of intention is what I would keep in my essays and, now and then,
when a work merits it, in my reviews. Sometimes—and I want to trust this more
and more—it’s the leap one makes from a given jumping-off point that matters,
not the path one took to arrive there.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kZGqr41updE/WOK7V_wOl8I/AAAAAAAAHBc/VM0jvCYeO5sFrbS_B2WNFcZccFjO-lvfACLcB/s1600/112.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kZGqr41updE/WOK7V_wOl8I/AAAAAAAAHBc/VM0jvCYeO5sFrbS_B2WNFcZccFjO-lvfACLcB/s400/112.jpg" width="351" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Donald Brownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06391024449222256377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28991791.post-35525676069419331382017-03-14T12:52:00.002-04:002017-03-14T14:41:20.164-04:00LYRIC CRITIQUE<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:RelyOnVML/>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--><br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false"
DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="374">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footer"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Mention"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Smart Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hashtag"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-eSYZIPGSka4/WMgfbMT3kzI/AAAAAAAAHAU/KVeUitWHKOobcMKSnlSaI3d_nEz3O1P3ACLcB/s1600/DSC_0032.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="427" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-eSYZIPGSka4/WMgfbMT3kzI/AAAAAAAAHAU/KVeUitWHKOobcMKSnlSaI3d_nEz3O1P3ACLcB/s640/DSC_0032.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
When I think back on different regions of time, it becomes a
task to differentiate each in terms of the “standard feeling,” “the overall
dimension,” “the primary cadence,” “the leading mood.” I don’t know what should
be the exact phrase because I’m not sure exactly what I mean. The easy
assumption is that what I am aiming to differentiate is primarily biological,
that it has to do with “age”—but what, precisely, is age? If I could answer
that—a tendency, a consciousness, a feeling, an appetite, an affection, a
supposition, an awareness—then I might get closer to what I mean. I know that
the limited perspective that shapes “a time” exists “for a time”—that’s perhaps
a tautology except that the difference between the two uses of the phrase “a
time” is at stake. “A time” is une dur<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é</span>e—a period, which might be suggestible
by received ideas, such as “adolescence,” “maturity,”—but such “times” have no
force of lived character; they are empty formulas. “A time” is some wrinkle in
the surface, some grasp of a space between two whiles, maybe a before and an
after. A way of saying that “the time” of first understanding emotional life as
inflected by Shakespeare exists for a certain period in youth and no matter how
many times “Shakespeare” is returned to, or re-encountered, in later life, the “time”
of Shakespeare dates from, and takes impetus from, those first encounters.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<br />
To follow that sense of “a time”—the
time of first love, for instance—and for “a time”—the time of the space between
high school and something like adulthood, the “time” of some months in 1978,
for me. Bearing in mind that to elicit that “time” requires attention to what
was present in the world at that time. To my thinking, which has never been
particularly concerned with the particulars of “the times,” with the fashions
and the fads and the “best of” the year, “a time” takes its form from how it is
shaped by the passing show. Thus no slavish sense of what was popular or
immediately recognizable, but still some sense—which should become more crucial
as time passes—of what was inescapable, what was necessary. The point, in
selecting cultural markers, is to make them speak to each other and to one’s
personal “time,” not simply in the generic tones of the culture at large. We
are dealing with episodes, events, “acts” which, as with theater, must be
staged with a certain setting. For each moment, its necessary dramaturgy.
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I do have
a tendency to think in decades, to look for tendencies that are observable for “a
time” –roughly 5-10 year increments. But to make more of the lived characters
of such “events,” the duration is shorter, more focused. So rather than give in
to my “spanning” nature (always useful for a critic), I have to concentrate on more
discrete increments. The building blocks of the psyche. So, in each case,
fidelity to the “event” puts it in a time for “a time.” It’s not about retrospect,
ultimately, I’m just realizing, and this is key. It’s not about shaping this “me,”
this speaker, by means of what has gone to build it, an edifice of the self. It’s
more a question of isolating moments that would be isolated, that must be acknowledged,
analyzed, unfolded, unpacked, explicated, as being moments in the “before and
after and during.” At such “a time” it was necessary to feel or see according
to x. At such a time, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">that</i> became the
causal basis of what must follow, at least “for a time.” The dialogue between
moments or acts, then, is the all-in-all. It’s not to arrive at denouement but
to remain “in dialogue,” and, at times, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“in
camera.” To remain in place, in a time, for all time.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This, if
achieved, is something other than “a history” or “an autobiography.” It is an
auto-critique, perhaps, or a lyric critique. But why waste time labeling it?
The object is not more attainable for being named. The requirement is a
conception, is conceiving a perception, a point of view as a position arrived
at via time, not static and determinate, but shaped by the pressures of memory
and reflection. “Lyric critique,” though, because the process of articulation
is not explanatory but evocative, not a telling but a rendering, an inhabiting,
a display. Yes, a composition, as in a tableau or scene. Playing live, like a
lecture. A reading.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
(3/7/16) </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Donald Brownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06391024449222256377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28991791.post-21096697747724746312017-03-02T18:00:00.003-05:002023-02-17T08:53:50.640-05:00READING RAYMOND WILLIAMS<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--><br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false"
DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="374">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footer"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Mention"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Smart Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hashtag"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>“And so a mood is created in which all decisions seem
inevitable and in which people speaking of different solutions seem remote and
impractical. It is a mood of submission, under the pressures of an effectively
occupying power.”</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Thus Raymond Williams, writing in 1960 in “Advertising: the
Magic System.” The “occupying power” is advertising, particularly the role that
advertising’s appeal has begun to play in TV land and, by extension, in
politics. It’s 1960, the year that historians often point to as the moment that
television affected the outcome of a presidential election, with the televised
debates between Richard Nixon and John Kennedy. Williams doesn’t refer to that,
but the timeliness of what he’s saying gains force through the confluence of
moments. Williams sees that, in time, all will submit to advertising, and he
sees that submission as giving up a certain kind of liberalism. Mainly, the
liberalism of public policy, of public control of important institutions of
social life. The almighty buck is having its way and that bodes ill for
democracy, to say nothing of any political agency formed of those with nothing—neither
money nor status nor influence. Corporate interests determine what we see and
what gets said.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Williams writes of the “social failure to find means of
public information and decision over a wide range of everyday economic life,” a
failure that results from “allowing control of the means of production and
distribution to remain in minority hands.” In our terms, it’s about privatization,
and its effects are already clear to him: “political parties considering how to
sell themselves to the electorate, to create a favourable brand image;
education being primarily organized in terms of a graded supply of labour;
culture being organized and even evaluated in terms of commercial profit.” </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-hzQfwyvDe9U/WLijuHTgm3I/AAAAAAAAG_g/0J8-J6WFefEInwBPXnQ-C2OPInAaILxJwCLcB/s1600/2015_10_raymond_williams.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-hzQfwyvDe9U/WLijuHTgm3I/AAAAAAAAG_g/0J8-J6WFefEInwBPXnQ-C2OPInAaILxJwCLcB/s320/2015_10_raymond_williams.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This is the world I was born into—in 1960—and it’s worth
traveling back in time with Williams to see, in the Trumped times we live in,
how the tendency was already more than apparent. He points to the “evident
fact, in the years we are living through” of the “emergence and elaboration of
a social and cultural form—advertising—which responds to the gap between
expectation and control by a kind of organized fantasy.” Those years are the
years depicted in the popular TV show <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mad
Men</i>, when the logic of advertising, as Williams sees, begins to dominate
other cultural forms, like art, and to supplant them. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
And, reading Williams now, it’s not really possible to
overlook the extent to which government has become “organized fantasy”
predicated on the control of information in a way that advertising pioneered.
Advertising, like just about everything Trump (and many other politicians)
says, is lies. But we live with the lies of advertising as simply the price of
letting those vested corporate interests, with their incessant ads, bring us
the mindless entertainment we seek. And there’s not much disjunction between
the false claims of ads for detergent and the false claims of ads for campaigners.
This was evident in the Sixties and became more and more so, till, in the
Eighties, the Reagan presidency was nothing if not a scripted show, as far as
the networks were concerned. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-3Z8ptMbua8g/WLij8aswlOI/AAAAAAAAG_k/0cih1DmyHYY9YF33K7nx-HNby7O7DtcWgCLcB/s1600/raymond_williams_culture_and_materialism.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-3Z8ptMbua8g/WLij8aswlOI/AAAAAAAAG_k/0cih1DmyHYY9YF33K7nx-HNby7O7DtcWgCLcB/s320/raymond_williams_culture_and_materialism.jpg" width="227" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I found myself reading Williams not simply to remind myself
of why it was nearly impossible to have any sense of art in the times of my
childhood—TV, movies, comic books, pop music, yes, art, no—and why I have long
abhorred commercial TV, but to find some sense of an alternative to consumerism
and commodity culture. Certainly, he glances at the ubiquity of the latter: “Since
consumption is within its limits a satisfactory activity, it can be plausibly
offered as a commanding social purpose. At the same time, its ambiguity is such
that it ratifies the subjection of society to the operations of the existing
economic system.” And all effort is aimed at maintaining the existing economic
system by those whom it benefits. Our participation is to consume and to mimic
the satisfaction that hired actors display in using “the only available
choices.”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Which brings me to what I’m trying to get a handle on, for
my own purposes. And that’s the question of how one makes use of those social
elements Williams calls “formations” and “structures of feeling” to arrive
elsewhere, intellectually, creatively—politically? Perhaps we can’t go so far.
One has not dropped out, however much one might feel oppositional. Though the
trajectory I want to delineate, based on certain objects of “consumption” (if
one must so term it), promotes a kind of self-formation that, as Williams
stresses again and again, is social—deriving from the subject’s economic
status, education, location, period, race, gender, and inherent biases—it is also “aesthetic,” as in: based in perceptions derived from exposure to certain
fields of creative endeavor that open up possibilities not generally
acknowledged by the utilitarian and egalitarian aspects of the culture at the
time. In fact, certain social and professional satisfactions are definitely
foreclosed, but not imaginative satisfactions. And that becomes the point of
poetry, of writing that has no aim other than to be a record of a process, or
rather let’s say of “a music.”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>“Practical consciousness is almost always different from official
consciousness, and this is not only a matter of relative freedom or control. For
practical consciousness is what is actually being lived, and not only what it
is thought is being lived. Yet the actual alternative to the received and
produced fixed forms is not silence: not the absence, the unconscious, which
bourgeois culture has mythicized. It is a kind of feeling and thinking which is
indeed social and material, but each in an embryonic phase before it can become
fully articulate and defined exchange. Its relations with the already
articulate and defined are then exceptionally complex.”</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
He goes on to say that “no generation speaks quite the same
language as its predecessors.” The point being, for my purposes, that “writing”
and “reading”—which means sometimes (often) “not writing” as well—is “a matter
of relative freedom or control,” and that it is “alternative” to what is “received
and produced” (and sold for consumption), and, while I don’t necessarily
endorse “embryonic” as any kind of useful metaphor in this case, is, at least in
theory, on its way to “fully articulate and defined exchange.” What is always
wanting, however, is the social and material occasions for that exchange. For
the notion that there is still an intelligentsia—such as I would recognize its
merits—is largely defeated by the Eighties, when I come of age. Williams is
looking askance at what the Seventies will be (the afterword of the advertising
essay dates from 1969), but lord-a-mercy in the Eighties.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
And yet, as I’m trying to see now, the occasions for those
complex relations from the Sixties to the Eighties—the period of “formations”—may
well be worth articulating. To say nothing of the ensuing periods in which—well
beyond anything that could be called “embryonic”—I still find myself at
variance with the social and material habitus that would make my “useless and
pointless knowledge” an economic asset. So reading Williams—<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Culture and Materialism</i> (1980) and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Marxism and Literature </i>(1977)—not only
illuminates the moment of my starting out through the views of a canny critic
of the capitalist status quo, but adds ammunition to a deep dissatisfaction
with “literary studies” as having any kind of purpose, other than antiquated, and
with “the literary” in general, as a failure of the schoolmen. In other words,
Williams takes me back to the ways in which those terms—as cultural markers—were
already beside the point. And that helps me to see how the assumptions of
commodity culture were there from the start, even if only as the primary
antagonist. That agon, I’m afraid, is the defining one, after all.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">I heard the Sermon on
the Mount</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">And I knew it was too
complex</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">It didn’t amount to
anything more</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Than what a bit of
broken glass reflects</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">When you bite off more
than you can chew</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">You got to pay the
penalty</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Somebody’s got to tell
the tale</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">I guess it must be up
to me.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
--Bob Dylan, “Up to Me” (1974)</div>
Donald Brownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06391024449222256377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28991791.post-3737115283062922017-01-29T16:58:00.000-05:002017-01-29T16:58:40.570-05:00READING ROCK STARS<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:RelyOnVML/>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--><br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false"
DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="374">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footer"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Mention"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Smart Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hashtag"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
Late last year I got into reading rock star memoirs. It
started with Pete Townshend’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Who I Am</i>,
back around Thanksgiving, which I’d had on my shelf awhile, and then continued
through Bruce Springsteen’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Born to Run</i>,
in early December, and Neil Young’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Waging
Heavy Peace</i>, which I got for Christmas.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
The main thing this trio of personal stories did (besides
giving me some insight into the character of each of these
songwriters—songwriters that each made a big impression on me before we all got
out of the 1970s) was point up how privileged the rock star lifestyle is and
how, to a certain telling extent, success doesn’t change anything. Granted, if
any of the three had not been a success I wouldn’t be reading their books, and
if any had been a mere flash in the pan—like, if their influence stopped with
the 1970s, say—than it’s not so sure I’d be reading them either, unless I just
wanted to go back to that heyday for purposes of jogging my own memory. (Which,
by the way, was probably the biggest effect of reading these three worthies.)
But, to further expound on the point about success: it made them “who they
are,” so that I care, but they each maintained some quality they already had even before they made it. Which was a way of noticing that one reason all three mattered
to me is that I believed in them, when I first encountered their music, and,
though in each case there were later periods when I cared about their releases
not much at all, I still feel tied to, even rooted by, the music of theirs that
got through to me first.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
And the other thing all three books have in common, on that
score: None of the three talk very much about their songs or songwriting. I
don’t mean the technical side of what went into the song—the guitar tuning or
the chord sequence, and so on—but rather its intention as a song. Springsteen
is the best of the three at that, but that’s true mostly of the more
autobiographical songs that help him to talk about himself, which is the point
of the memoir, mostly. In each case, it’s interesting to see how a musical
artist’s career looks through his own eyes. But these books aren’t going to give you much
insight into how writing certain songs at certain times clarified anything for these writers.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
It’s not a complaint so much as an observation. What matters
to me, as I’ve tried to show with the Song of the Day posts, is how songs
become part of the listener’s psychic life. My assumption that songs, for the
songwriter, were already a necessary part of the songwriter’s psychic life
might be naïve, but I don’t think that’s the problem. It’s not that the songs
aren’t a part of the songwriter’s psychic life, it’s that they are to such an
extent that any of the three would have to be a much better writer of prose to
get at that. It’s much easier to write about the surface phenomena—how you get
along with band mates, the influence of collaborators on the final product, the memorable
experiences with family and friends and lovers, the bad judgments, the mea
culpa moments, the struggles with the career valleys, the effect of the
commercial side of all this—than with the “so, you’re alone with a notebook and
a guitar” moments.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bZ870abaxvA/WI5hu1Xv8uI/AAAAAAAAG8g/m2D1EbiPoioQ1OeHHsKSpM6EC4i6UD79ACEw/s1600/BOOK-superJumbo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bZ870abaxvA/WI5hu1Xv8uI/AAAAAAAAG8g/m2D1EbiPoioQ1OeHHsKSpM6EC4i6UD79ACEw/s200/BOOK-superJumbo.jpg" width="137" /></a></div>
As a person, Townshend is the least likeable, no surprise.
He knows he’s kind of an arrogant prick, but, so what, he’s Peter Townshend,
and in the big book of rock, The Who matter—then, now, and for all time. I
guess the thing I learned that interested me most was how much the group was
Roger Daltrey’s. It was Daltrey’s first—he’s the front man after all—and Pete
was invited to join. So, much of what The Who were had to be agreed upon by
Roger and John Entwhistle, the bass player, who was also in the band before
Pete was. Because Pete wrote mostly all the material and was lead guitar, I
always looked upon him as the leader, and because I’m biased toward writers.
And I blamed him when The Who’s product became sub par, especially when he did
such a great solo album, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Empty Glass</i>,
while the concurrent Who album was middling. But that’s not entirely his fault.
Roger’s an ass too, y’see. And Pete has had to do a lot of coping with what The Who fan base expects of the band and what the band is comfortable with doing. But then again I don't care that much about what he has done since The Who’s heyday and the Broadway version of <i>Tommy</i> was kind of a sell-out of what the album required, so that, of all its various incarnations, seeing The Who perform it was still closest to what it was—Ken "Excess" Russell's kitschy film version notwithstanding.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-y6AbnYfy3LQ/WI5h_y9utiI/AAAAAAAAG8c/Kcty0k83VYEnDr9Xc6kNWcIiw36nL-DmwCEw/s1600/29BOOK-popup.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-y6AbnYfy3LQ/WI5h_y9utiI/AAAAAAAAG8c/Kcty0k83VYEnDr9Xc6kNWcIiw36nL-DmwCEw/s200/29BOOK-popup.jpg" width="135" /></a></div>
Neil is the most likeable, and that’s mainly because his
prose style is so disarming. It’s like hanging out with him and getting to know
him. It’s almost off-hand at times, and yet he does, in non-chronological
fashion, cover most of the albums and events you expect to hear about. It’s a
long, varied career and, for me, his comments kept bringing back to mind how
much his music has mattered to me over the years and for many years. More than
the others, he revived himself in the 1990s to an almost unprecedented extent. Of
the three, only Springsteen experienced a great career upsurge in the 1980s,
but he still didn’t keep my interest to quite the same degree thereafter. The
other two really lost ground with me in that decade, though Young less than
Townshend/The Who. But then Neil came on strong in the 90s and made it his
decade. No one of a similar degree of longevity was even remotely comparable. And that matters. And Neil has
gone on with some really good albums and some just so-so ones and some pretty off-hand
ones into the current dearth of rock relevance. He’s a maverick, and his
approach seems to be much like his personality, doing what interests him at the
moment.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-FfaNkeBM0So/WI5h3tuGvVI/AAAAAAAAG8Y/bvSKkn-ziRw1WjyW_9OzP2p2YQJI9EgZQCEw/s1600/BTR1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-FfaNkeBM0So/WI5h3tuGvVI/AAAAAAAAG8Y/bvSKkn-ziRw1WjyW_9OzP2p2YQJI9EgZQCEw/s200/BTR1.jpg" width="131" /></a></div>
Springsteen’s memoir is probably the most lucid. It’s a
great performance by a guy who has worked hard to develop his persona—what they
like to call now “his brand.” Bruce Springsteen, as an entity, has a lot of
associative affect. And that’s why I was so pleased by the amount of time he
spent with his early days, before there was any “Brucers”—or Bruce fans—in the
world. His long struggle to make a decent living from playing music may be familiar
ground—having known, here and there, people from the same basic geographical
area trying their hand at it—but I didn’t know much about it in his particular
case. What his experience creates is a certain enduring humility—even after <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Born to Run</i> he had to work hard just to
stay financially solvent to say nothing of having to “top” it or at least not
fail it too badly—and, with the huge success in the mid-Eighties, a certain wry
sense of how fortuitous such success can be. It made him, yes, but he was
already who he was. And he’s the kind of guy who, once he’s got the attention,
can handle it but who also tries to make it useful.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
All three, in that regard, have conscience about how their
success brings responsibility. Maybe it’s because his greatest success came by
being a band member that Townshend seems the one least concerned with giving
credit to others. Springsteen and Young are both very interesting, and
completely sincere, when they give credit and when they sometimes take to task
the ways things didn’t go the way they could’ve. Young, not surprisingly, given
his many great songs, seems to have the deepest self-knowledge, even if he’s
quite willing to concede that he doesn’t really understand himself fully, at
least at this point when he’s becoming an old fart. Townshend seems to have the
least self-knowledge, but I think that’s more a case of not delving into much
for the purposes of his narrative. There’s a rather passive sense in a lot of
it, as though things happening to Pete Townshend, the rocker, are just the kind
of things you’d expect and Pete Townshend, the author, has no duty other than
to note them. Only Springsteen seems to be driving for the clarity that a
personal account can bring. He’s trying to get how it looked to him—more than
“how I did it”—on paper, and the main thing he keeps in mind is the learning
curve. Like his perceptive fans, he expects each album to tell him
something about who he is as an artist at that moment. While the big
interpretations of that can be left to others, he does let us see how his own
creativity keeps him moving—and his love of music-making, and his love of his
fans and his band, and his burning desire to make better records, not lesser
records.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Young has a similar conviction that the music he is a part
of matters. He respects his forebears and tries not to let the franchise down.
Rock made him and he tries to make it, to the best of his ability. But he’s
also quite candid about the ways in which the music business and, specifically,
the technology that came in with mp3s, is a disservice to the music, in
evolving ways. The problem early in his career was just getting a good deal;
the problem now is with the product itself and the ways in which the internet
has morphed music in ways radio didn’t. He doesn’t have that much to say about
what TV did to it, because, in the era of real stereos, the box didn’t matter
much and now, in the era of computers and smartphones, it again doesn’t matter.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Granted, there’s a certain post mortem aspect to the whole
notion: rock writers writing memoirs, if only because “the greatest is behind.”
That’s true with these three because they were each a major part of the pop
culture furnishings of the 1970s and, whatever one makes of the decades that
have followed, that particular point in time is back there somewhere in
personal and cultural history. All three have to take stock of deaths that
altered, for each personally, the world they live in and who they can count on
being in it with them. That aspect of the books is actually a bit moving at times. Survivors speaking of those who did not make it to this point. Danny Whitten, Clarence Clemons, Keith Moon, John Entwhistle, Danny Federici, Ben Keith ....<br />
<br />
The odd thing about our celebrity heroes is how much we
live in their world too, even if we’re just abstractions—fans, listeners,
followers—in their view. But, in the memoir sense of autobiographical criticism, getting down
when and how these artists make their mark is of the essence in how they shape our world, for periods of time.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
On the one hand, it would be easy to make autobiography as
criticism simply a record of one’s likes and dislikes, to determine how one
shaped a taste and varied it, adapting it to the changing times. Or, with an
eye on the latter, one could look at how the market made certain things
available and how one’s identifications with certain products, certain careers
furnish the dimensions of one’s own life within a cultural matrix, in this case
rock—“capitalismus’s favorite boy-child” as the Mekons say. But my stress on songs
a moment ago—and by extension albums as a specific collection of songs (and
Young is very adamant about his records being arranged, so that he doesn’t like
the easy sharing out of context on playlists)—aims, of course, at something
more lyrical than historical. Because that level of identification
detaches—to the extent that anything in our times can—from strict market forces
with, yes, a sense of what charisma means in the old religious sense. All the
bad or good advertising copy in the world doesn’t make you experience or live
the song with its singer, not really. Or at least that’s a starting point for
accounting for that kind of “life.” A life lived in other people’s music? A
life spent choosing the soundtrack? Perhaps, but in the end you either believe
that poetry and music are recognizable, knowable events—within the vast
configuration of events that make a life—or else you are left only with prose.
And yeah, in our lifetimes, that prose will be either ad copy or press releases
or the merger of advertising and reporting into something called “media.” Or
else it will be criticism. Or, maybe, the hero’s “own story in his own words!” </div>
Donald Brownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06391024449222256377noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28991791.post-7583458465580006132017-01-06T11:26:00.001-05:002021-07-02T06:54:02.557-04:00NEW YEARING<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--><br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false"
DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="374">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footer"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Mention"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Smart Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hashtag"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
“Writing is saying to no one and to everyone the things it
is not possible to say to someone.”—Rebecca Solnit</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Writing should be that, at least. The idea I find in
Solnit’s statement is the one that has been the driving force behind all the
journal writing I have ever done. It’s saying to no one and, I would say,
“anyone” things not meant for any particular someone. Not that I’m writing
suppressed secrets or anything like that. For me, at the start, it was a case
of needing writing to say anything at all. Most conversations aren’t aimed for
much purpose apart from exercising the vocal chords or simply making time with
some particular person. Argument is generally an airing of griefs rather than
of views. Conversation has its place, but rare are its occasions, in my
experience. Chat is much more prevalent and, in my youth, I had a knack for
that only in very limited contexts. And I wasn’t particularly skilled at
introducing a topic and developing it. That came much later, with teaching. In
the days when I first began keeping a journal—19—I wrote because no one was
listening and, even if they were, I didn’t have much to say, aloud.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
It’s that “not possible” that we might spend some time discussing.
What makes saying something “possible” or “not possible”? Some might think:
censors, internal or external. But censors insist that something is forbidden
to be said or maybe, in a sense, unthinkable and thus unsayable. But “not
possible to say to someone” is the full phrase. The key idea it seems to me is
that there is no “someone” poised to receive these intelligences. It’s “not
possible” to think of a single individual. No valued listener or friend. More,
perhaps: what one wants to write, needs to write, doesn’t necessarily need to
be heard. It must be read, or forget it. This is what I took Solnit to mean
because it addresses my own quandary about writing to be read. I have no
problem with writing something I’m expected to write—the terms are, as it were,
provided by the occasion. But writing what no one asked one to write, writing
that isn’t simply—as in a notebook—for one’s eyes only or primarily, such
writing demands a reader who is not oneself, and yet who could that person be?
All “someones” in one’s life are foreclosed by that phrase “not possible to say
to someone.” If there were someone one could address, one would write a
personal letter, pick up the phone, send an email or text.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Perhaps tweets function in the way Solnit means. They
certainly have a gang’s-all-here quality that means they’re for everyone,
whoever, wherever. And they seem to be, rhetorically, a gesture more than
anything, something that, if addressed to only one someone, would have personal
meaning, but when flung into the internet become bits of observable phenomena, to
be made of as who so will. But I don’t have much to say about that. Though,
arguably, a blog post, and I’ve written a few of those, is just an overly long
tweet. If so, then, yes, let’s just say that in this online format one is
speaking to no one and anyone all the time. But is that what one is always
doing in writing anyway? Perhaps, but to me the difference between online
writing and a journal is that “anyone” factor. In time, should a notebook
survive, anyone might come across it and read it, true, but it wasn’t written
for that eventuality. A post already presumes an environment in which,
potentially, anyone’s eyes might fall upon something, for reasons which remain
obscure. So, while I feel that journal writing is for “no one” (except me),
blog posts are for “anyone,” deliberately.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Then again, I think of Nietzsche’s subtitle for <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Thus Spoke Zarathustra</i>: “a book for
everyone and no one.” If Solnit is correct, every book could bear that
subtitle, as any act of writing could. But Nietzsche meant it in a particular
way, as though the contents of the book, while there for everyone to glean, had
no immediate audience. No one was quite ready to receive it or read it. And yet
it was written for them, for us, all.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
That aspect of Nietzsche’s writing appealed to me greatly in
my teens. That sense that “no one,” perhaps, had ever quite gotten it, so that
“everyone” was missing the point. I have that sensation a lot. Most things I
read, however perspicacious they may be, usually suggest to me some aspect of
the question that the writer is not addressing, is missing. It was Nietzsche
who first exposed me, repeatedly, to how prevalent is the fact that, in making
a point, one misses a point. It’s not simply that there are two sides to the
point and one is stressing one and ignoring the other, no, it’s more dialectical
than that. It’s the fact that, in saying something, one creates a shadowy
negative of what one is saying in the reader’s mind. A reader well-informed on
the topic will have other facts and points already raised, mentally. But even
someone just reading along will see the gaps in the logic and, sometimes
fatally, the rhetorical sleights that create a sense of authority where there
is only opinion or, worse, received opinion. We all drop the ball in writing
and even more so in speaking. In fact, a lot of writing seems to exist for no
other purpose than to sound the horn, saying “look out, I’m speaking here.” Some
people have so much to say.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In our Trumped-up times, speech, as any kind of measured
rhetoric, has taken a big hit. Public discourse may not survive the blow.
Already it was weak in the knees. Obama, who speaks with a judicious weighing
easy to parody, was a true anomaly in U.S. politics. It’s all banter, bluster
and balderdash now, and one tweets to everyone and anyone what may not be reasonable
to say to “someone.”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Which, I suppose, might be a way of saying—to anyone!—that
one reason to keep writing, much as I hate to say it, is to stop one’s ears to
all the worthless verbiage. If I’m writing I can’t be listening, or reading.
And there’s only so much of the latter two acts I feel willing to engage in, at
this time. Sure, it’s always possible to read writing from some other time, to
engage the mind with more knowledge that, while not strictly useful, helps to
offset the sense of wallowing in the worst excesses of the American public so
far endured. To the extent that we Americans are all some portion of the body
politic, we are all now numbered among the Unfortunate Stooges of America,
played for patsies by a Clown Prince of Crime, <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">à</span> la The Joker.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
During the election, I happened to see episodes of the old
TV series <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Batman</i>, starring Adam West,
in which The Penguin runs for mayor and he’s kicking the incumbent’s ass, so
they ask Batman to run, and he does, much in the measured tones of our outgoing
Prez, which gets him nowhere in the climate of the Penguin’s sideshow
razzle-dazzle. The Penguin’s rhetoric’s resemblance to Trump’s empty promises
is uncanny, or would be except that the blueprint for how to say nothing and
mean it has long been engraved into the national psyche, so much so that Trump
on the stump was always the bad Reality TV version of what a scripted bullshit-slinger
would sound like, trumpeting the message that the only people stupider than his
listeners are the people who have been elected or hired to do the jobs they do.
I’ve heard this “everyone’s an idiot but me” line my entire life, and it
usually comes from someone who hates the higher-ups but who doesn’t want their
tasks. Wants to snipe, not lead. Trumpy, however, sniped his way into a job. It’s
a job he doesn’t really want—in the sense of its job description—unless he can
do it his way. He was elected president, but he ran for monarch. So I guess we’ll
see how that plays out. What else is there to watch?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Meanwhile, it’s a new year. I’d like to say it’s time, for
me, for a return to writing, the kind of writing I don’t engage in often
enough, to go back to whatever it was that got me interested in doing it and to
find out if it’s possible to say what I wanted to say. I never had enough faith
in big abstract things like “the American people” or “God” or “my fellow man”
to be bitterly disappointed by the crap that comes down. In the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Batman</i> episode, ultimately, the people
don’t elect The Penguin, showing that there was still an electorate capable of
distinguishing between a snake-oil salesman and a person with at least a few commitments
to something other than himself and his own will to power. But that was in 1968,
which is when everything got broken and pretty much stayed that way. When I was
in high school, in the mid-Seventies, I read this passage by Kurt Vonnegut, Jr.
It seemed to say it all then.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">I remembered </i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">The Fourteenth Book of Bokonon</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">, which I had read in its entirety the night
before. </i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">The Fourteenth Book</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> is entitled, "What Can a Thoughtful
Man Hope for Mankind on Earth, Given the Experience of the Past Million
Years?"<br />
It doesn't take long to read </i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">The
Fourteenth Book</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">. It consists of
one word and a period.<br />
This is it:<br />
"Nothing."</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
At the time, that suited my view, as a teen without much
connection to my times or my contemporaries. Later, when I was much better
educated, I would try to qualify that passage. The “past million years” is too
sweeping a generality. I still think so, but I would apply the formula to
“the past 50 years,” easily. So it goes.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-AE6X0jGoeFE/WG_Eri__2xI/AAAAAAAAG7o/NkfkQ0xnYhcP1dE7kvOIH71eV5_d9XYJwCLcB/s1600/15167701_10101399332847554_2433520099094815927_o.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="427" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-AE6X0jGoeFE/WG_Eri__2xI/AAAAAAAAG7o/NkfkQ0xnYhcP1dE7kvOIH71eV5_d9XYJwCLcB/s640/15167701_10101399332847554_2433520099094815927_o.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
Donald Brownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06391024449222256377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28991791.post-70643470817971729492016-07-04T12:23:00.000-04:002016-07-04T12:36:20.927-04:00TOWARD CRITICISM, 3<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--><br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false"
DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="371">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footer"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
line-height:107%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-1mecO0EsvDk/V3qL1VmnT1I/AAAAAAAAG0c/diPqb8nh4nMH9xX4_7NYeMMTHqFJ3qnKACLcB/s1600/DSC_0111.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-1mecO0EsvDk/V3qL1VmnT1I/AAAAAAAAG0c/diPqb8nh4nMH9xX4_7NYeMMTHqFJ3qnKACLcB/s400/DSC_0111.JPG" width="267" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">A Curated Self
(7/2/16)</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
It’s finally the effort to articulate the self that matters
to me, but that would be a self in formation, through the experiences that,
from the vantage viewed, seem most prevalent. It’s a curated self, then. As
such, the experiences form a sort of syllabus or gallery, a selection that
suits as objective correlative of something to which they can only attest. The
writing then is the attestation, the signifying of what is otherwise mute
experience. Finding the voice for this correlation, then, is the task, shaped
by all one needs it to mean, to stand for (and against). Because finally what
is at stake is the selection of—militia-wise—one’s “colors.” So all the
list-making is only an effort to nudge one’s current self—drowsing in its
indifference—back to the moments when it mattered, this self-formation, this
education by one’s best lights. And in the scope of those lights everything
else—what one does and becomes or fails to do or become—shines or, at least,
becomes visible, vocable.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The position as “growth of the critic’s mind”—rather than
poet’s or artist’s—structures the tendencies. This is not a discussion of how
one becomes a writer, but how one becomes a consciousness that discerns values,
that argues worth and meaning. Resisting this in the name of the worth of my
own imagination—as to be shown in invented characters, situations, or verse
forms/voices—has set me on and off. The point of criticism becomes simply the
clarity of seeing and saying. The philosophical benefit is simply enhancement
of being, which is to say consciousness, for what else is there? The chosen
objects express and establish the speaking subject.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Professing and
poeticizing (7/3/16)</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
To qualify an earlier statement, re: “professor.” One is a
professor in the sense of professing certain values, in the experience and in
its presentation. What one makes more of—than one might in a lecture or in a
position paper—is the fact of the representation. The performance bears
remarking on as it is by no means certain what its orientation should be. It’s
certainly not only determined by the effort to pass on knowledge or to clarify
or instruct. The intention behind those activities is more selfless, whatever
their requirements and varieties may be. Who stands before an audience to
articulate the self? The poet, perhaps we think, and in that sense I suspect my
position to be lyrical, as in based on that intangible state of self-communing
that promotes the composition of verse, or may, but the intention is again
different. The composition is not a rendering at that level—or at least not at
the level I pretend to when writing in verse. The critical element necessitates
a different status. I suppose one could write a verse essay and achieve
something like, but in such instances I would be more likely struck by artfulness
or its lack, though that’s only suppositious. I could only know for certain by doing.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In any case, the purpose is not to assert by means of
lyrical intensity primarily but by some element more discursive and arrived at
via a process of reflection that, for me anyway, is much more mysterious in
verse. The emphasis here requires fidelity to some quality other than lyricism,
or music, or the value of putting into speech for the sake of speech. The
quality has to be a testimonial, a statement or argument worth entertaining
about what the given object means or has meant. The rendering is of the “figure”;
the means is the “fiction,” and I’m only able to approximate, in advance, what
such fictions might be comprised of. Certainly, as in lyric, a definite element
may be the autobiographical, that sense that the speaker must let his own ideas
play upon his pulses—to use Keats’ phrase—and certainly the autobiographical
impulse—in me—will mean an allusiveness to whatever has left the deepest
impressions in that part of life lived, as one once said without irony,
inwardly. The irony is all on the side, here, of making clear what might be
best left obscure. Why should it be necessary to maintain in language,
outwardly, what is best apprehended inwardly? No other reason than death. Speak
now, or forever hold your peace, indeed.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
It’s not simply a matter of “strange things I have in head
which will to hand,” but it is that, if by “strange” we accept “particular” or
as one says in an older idiom, “peculiar” to the mind in which they originate.
But it is also a matter of—and this is a key distinction from what I would
expect from myself in either lecture or verse—following one’s thought where it
leads, regardless of whether or not it prove original, poetic, or instructive. It
should at least be illuminating because it illumines what otherwise is dark: the
relations between distinct occasions and experiences and readings and
rememberings. It is the making of the net to catch the sleek fish of one’s
imaginary. Those shapes that signify by their motions and colors and rhythms.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-wf7XtrG_vPI/V3qMNqk5nQI/AAAAAAAAG0g/eImUIsCn5D4rdveu96gjSnzOFSg8qcwBQCLcB/s1600/DSC_0116.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="267" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-wf7XtrG_vPI/V3qMNqk5nQI/AAAAAAAAG0g/eImUIsCn5D4rdveu96gjSnzOFSg8qcwBQCLcB/s400/DSC_0116.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">A personal geometry
(7/4/16)</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
“Really, universally, relations end nowhere, and the
exquisite problem of the artist is eternally but to draw, by a geometry of his
own, the circle within which they shall happily <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">appear</i> to do so.”—Henry James</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
So, to drop my “net” image and accept James’ figure of a
personal geometry, the question is how to plot out “the relations” so as to end
somewhere for, as he says, the relations don’t really end. And that—knowing that
all too well—I could say has stymied me more than once when I felt “prepared”
to embark on such criticism as I have in mind. One knows at the outset that
much of the geometry is so personal and individual as to be a matter of indifference
or unintelligibility to other minds. The eternal question I came back to again
and again in writing about <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Finnegans Wake</i>
is: “What is the principle of selection and what is the principle of
combination?” These could not be empirically determined and so analysis must
ever fall short of a full account. Thus all readings are to a purpose, and that
purpose shall be whatever—given “the scene”—the critic deems viable to an
audience. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
But in these efforts that seem more in the manner of a
confession—the revealing of the “I” or the “self”—one’s audience is, as it
were, the ages or the god of the ages. One’s accounting becomes a rhetorical
performance, maybe even a ritual performance (as prayer and perhaps poetry are
both). But also, if one allows it, playful. For the making of a personal
geometry is—as I titled an early effort at a long poem—a matter of “trials and
errors.” One is on trial for not trying harder and must acquit oneself as one
may, mea culpa.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And one must own one’s
errors or never learn from them. And how often does such become the matter of “the
lecture”? Still, all that rhetoric that derives from one’s “position” must be at
the service of whatever one is able to draw with one’s peculiar geometry: that
circle—or as I said constellation—that holds the relations together in some
kind of composition, as even an abstract painting is composed.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
What excites me about this prospect is the sense that I
shall discover many relations as I go and that my “schema”—which I have been at
pains to develop for about two decades (since grad school)—will alter as I go
on. The schema, based on that tripartite division pulled from Mallarmé by way
of Rancière, arrived in the winter of this year, but the elements to be
impressed, to be related, have been swimming about gaily my entire lifetime
with no schematic, geometrical net to ensnare them. Perhaps they’re better so.
Why force these relations as reified things, as objects? We know well enough
the incentive to “stand back and let it all be.” But, whether as artist or
philosopher or critic or poet, one must impose this practiced geometry and make
such shapes as one can. So far, in conception, I’ve been working toward an
autobiographical ground, the “growth of the critic’s mind” idea, because it
helps me distinguish experience from the historical chronology that comes to me
not only from the form most biographies assume, but my way of ordering my books
and my LPs. Remember the moment in the film <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Hi-Fidelity</i>
when Rob blows Dick’s mind by telling him he’s arranging his LPs not
alphabetically, not chronologically, but autobiographically. The autobiographical
arrangement blows my professorial mind as well. The key tension in my “take”
has been between the fidelity to history that my education expects of me—the
history of art and literature and ideas—and the fidelity to my personal
experience. The incentive now is to admit the degree to which one’s own lights
and the happenstances of one’s own experiences inflect not only the reception
of art and ideas but their very meaning. The peculiar logic—or is
it dream?—by which we get “from here to there, eventually.”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
One thing, I think, that makes this project arrive now is
something I referred to in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Towards
Criticism, 1</b>, when speaking of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Ambassadors</i>: that sense of renouncement and preemption so clear in Strether’s
ultimate position. Since I’ve never been the age I am now before, I’ve never
had this particular vantage—but having it now means renouncing some claims, at
least privately, for the sake of what one would make of the past. From a very
young age, I was provoked by Dickens’ indelible opening to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">David Copperfield</i>: “If I am to emerge as the hero of my own life or
if that position is to be attained by someone else, these pages must show” (or
words to that effect). To be “the hero of one’s own life” is at once
presumptuous but is also essential, if one finds one’s life worth recounting.
But what heroism is there in simply choosing to look and read and reflect?
James at least understands that our hero might be a hero because of the pains
taken in developing a peculiar geometry. Thus any biography of an artist is
always a rather flat affair since we never get an account of those two elements
I isolated in my question about <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">FW</i>.
We never know why and how the artist did what s/he did. We, at best, get a
sense of “the scene” in which what was done was achieved, and get maybe some
elements of personality to add to “the figure” that we could not get from “the
fiction,” or the work. But the defining choices and the decisions made in the
act of creation forever elude such scrutiny. And yet, I suppose, the hero has
made those choices, from dictates of consciousness.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Since I’ve never written a—to me—convincing poem that wasn’t
primarily concerned with delineating, by some peculiar geometry, the relations
of the contents of my state of being at that precise instant (all my poems
being very much a here and now affair), I’m reticent at trying to understand
the process. Reading myself—what has been written in that manner—lets me have
glimpses of how my mind works, but I find that some part of me—the lyrical “Ich,”
why not?—is leading some other part of me—the critic, the reader—on a merry
chase. “Hide, fox, and all after!” has been a slogan of mine for quite some
time on that front. And certainly one does not spend years reading the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Wake</i> if one is not easily intrigued by
all a fox might hide. Along that line of thought, I think, one easily sees the
strength of my distinction between verse and essay, as I would practice each. I
want to keep to the decisions made when fixed—one’s attention anyway—on an
object at hand. The object shall not be, as in poems, the puzzle of my own
state of mind, or emotional state, or what have you. Which is not to say that
the prose won’t “blow hot and cold.” It’s still a matter of breath, after all.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ywFs-iKCesU/V3qMhxSXA4I/AAAAAAAAG0o/PGC_0mREfIQXvX7ZzQ2xWtRkqa8mQLBeQCLcB/s1600/DSC_0118%2B%25282%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="428" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ywFs-iKCesU/V3qMhxSXA4I/AAAAAAAAG0o/PGC_0mREfIQXvX7ZzQ2xWtRkqa8mQLBeQCLcB/s640/DSC_0118%2B%25282%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Donald Brownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06391024449222256377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28991791.post-45555699286608515872016-07-03T12:32:00.001-04:002016-07-04T12:24:08.899-04:00TOWARD CRITICISM, 2<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--><br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false"
DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="371">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footer"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
line-height:107%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dSBKWGhN4iY/V3k9_93KHuI/AAAAAAAAG0I/TrwzCqpsvrs4eoHeyVaauci2_5kgpbhUwCLcB/s1600/DMT%252C%2B10.79c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dSBKWGhN4iY/V3k9_93KHuI/AAAAAAAAG0I/TrwzCqpsvrs4eoHeyVaauci2_5kgpbhUwCLcB/s320/DMT%252C%2B10.79c.jpg" width="225" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Reading is different as one grows older. Young, I used to
read “for all time,” my brain alive to the words as though a photographic
plate, letting the lines be burnt upon my imagination so that the words and the
images they create would never fade. First readings of certain books remained
largely intact. I could leaf through the books in my mind, “see them” again, if
not read them again. The capacity that allowed me to recall the actual words
used, to see them before me in my mind’s eye, dispersed probably around age 30.
Thereafter, it became harder to call to mind all the particulars, but that
wasn’t simply due to aging memory, it was also due to educational dispatch: in
college, which I attended between ages 26 and 30, one read for short-term
memory, for the sake of “the course.” Much of what one studied was given
definite temporal parameters. After all, old knowledge will always be replaced
by new. Nothing is for all time.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
But those earlier readings, in my teens and twenties, were
for the sake of my own mind and development, not for the sake of the
curriculum. Those readings were between me and the world of letters, and I
belonged there by virtue of my curiosity, my hungry search for writing that
would matter to me, that would shape my mind and imagination and word-usage, my
way of thinking as though in a book. My way of reading my own mind.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In college my mind was enlarged by many more avenues of
study, of discipline and major, than I had sought out on my own, and yet that
enlargement created a darkening of the photographic plate. There were simply
too many facts, dates, names, places, works, events, readings. While I still
preferred re-reading those in my pantheon of greats, that pantheon was no
longer a world unto itself; it was a collection, a constellation, created by my
initial inquiries.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Now, mid-fifties, I can look back on my educated reading as
well, so that arranging my books on my bookshelves after what may be the last
big move of my adult life, I relive, or reanimate imaginatively, the process by
which I filled in the gaps so that literature becomes not simply my circle of
heroes, but a continuum in which one tendency replaces another “forever”—or,
until it simply becomes, for the moment, contemporary. The mental walk through
literary history (my books are arranged chronologically by year) furnishes me
with many thoughts and memories, many of ideas never realized. Time was, these
ruminations would have been considered material for lectures about developments
in art and literature, lectures never delivered nor written because, in the
manner of the student who prepared but didn’t get “called on,” all my study did
not lead to a university position. So part of what I reflect on is what that
preparation amounts to, in and of itself. The ability to pass exams, to read
for and pass “generals,” to have a body of knowledge that isn’t “useless” so
much as “unused.” But knowledge—knowing who wrote what when, or who said what
about which work, or the plot of various novels and plays—isn’t the point of
such study, it’s a by-product, not an outcome.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The point is argument. And perhaps it’s enough to reflect
that the argument against reading as education is inherent in the failure to
find the job offer one expected. But that’s not the argument that motivates me,
that too is an element of happenstance—of opportunities missed or abilities
lacking. The argument furnished by my originary reading relied upon the
necessity of reading as a developmental decision; reading as an auto-didact
would be improved by subsequent education, certainly, but that doesn’t
overshadow the initial impetus: the belief in that early reading was belief in
myself within the world of letters, not belief in myself as an academic, as a
professor. The fact that I did attain to a knowledge base that enabled me to
lecture authoritatively in my field means nothing beyond that. That knowledge
makes one a teacher. The Ph.D., arguably, makes one a scholar, or gives one the
wherewithal to research and argue at a professional level. But neither of those
capacities makes one “a writer,” as I understood the term in my youth. Though
even that term is a dodge. I had no interest in “writers,” per se. My heroes
were not “writers,” they were artists, with all the romantic—and perhaps
subversive—associations that might conjure, because what they created were
works of art. And much of my study at the doctoral level was aimed to
understand that distinction. What does it mean to consider some product of
writing—a novel, play, essay, poem, book, text—a work of art?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I had entered the university at the age of twenty-six
because I felt I’d gone as far as I could on my own. I wanted to learn to read
French and German; I wanted to study the history of art and of literature so
that I could understand how my latter day heroes—Joyce and Thomas Pynchon—fit
in. But also art. I’d spent a few years working as security at an art
academy/museum and the sheer diversity of forms considered art in the ‘80s
burdened me with an irksome incomprehension. If there was a history, if there were principles, then one might devise an argument <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">for</i> some works and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">against</i>
others. I suspected that such was not really necessary—neither for artists nor
professors nor critics—but I wanted to insist upon it for myself. I was already
possessed—I believed—of a discerning critical sensibility, but what was it
discerning? What was the basis of my own affinities? What was the purpose of
convictions other than simply having them?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
All along I was convinced that I read not to become an
informed critic, or a good student or teacher, but to become an artist in my
own right, and that meant—to myself in the mid-twenties—getting a handle on
what my heroes had achieved in the grand scheme of things. Which meant coming
to terms with the fact that there is something like a “scheme” in the world of
letters. Even though many of my heroes were iconoclasts and rebels within any
such scheme. And that worried me. Trying to create an ad hoc “scheme” into
which the writing—the art—that mattered to me might fit was a disservice to
some affinity that mattered to me more than keeping company with what
Nietzsche—one of my earliest heroes—liked to call “schoolmen.” In fact, apropos
of Nietzsche’s idiosyncratic autobiography <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ecce
Homo</i>, I once remarked to one of my dissertation advisers that I’d like to
entitle my thesis “Why I Like the Books I Like.”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Not content with only one aspect of the portrait of my
affinities—the literary—I have expanded the list to include films and rock music
and poetry, perhaps even fine art. As an undergrad, I was a student of both art
history and comparative literature and my list-making from that combined study
followed more closely historical and aesthetic tendencies not decreed solely or
even mostly by my own preferences. But to create a personally relevant list was
always the more compelling aim. There are philosophical grounds for this,
having to do with the idea that experience occurs in a time for all time, but
that the time when something happened and the time in which it is recalled are
never one and the same, much less the time when something first appeared and
the time when it was first appreciated in a critical fashion. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Thus my stress on these different experiential points: the
time of emergence, when something first comes to light, call it (the following
terms derive from Mallarmé) “the scene”; then the time when something is
experienced/appreciated by the critic—in this case, me—as “the figure”; then
the time when something is recounted, placed into thought and writing—as “the
fiction.” The idea that exercised my mind in my time at Princeton was that of
the “supreme fiction,” an idea taken from Wallace Stevens, who formulated, as
did Mallarmé, a tripartite division: “It Must Be Abstract,” “It Must Change,”
“It Must Give Pleasure.” The “abstraction” is “the scene,” that idea of a time
and place that remains—as idea or conception—after the time and place has
passed away, in the manner that one speaks of “the Sixties” or “the
fin-de-siècle,” or “the Renaissance.” Zooming in, one is concerned with the
blooms that are flourishing at a particular moment, whose having been alters the
air we breathe thereafter. Change is part of “the figure,” the being or bloom
who instantiates the idea in its moment, but then continues to alter, for
nothing gold can stay.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The “pleasure” corresponds to “the fiction,” in which
experience makes a claim to endure. There are many easily forgotten or
undifferentiated experiences, but some others have a definite thrust or power
or vibrancy that makes them lucid, knowable, preferred. The factor of pleasure—hedonistic
as it may seem—has to do with beauty as the high desiderata of aesthetic
experience. We may wish to marry the simple contemplation of beauty with
something more active, with “the beautiful gesture,” or the acte gratuit, or
with the selfless sacrifice of a Christ or a political dissident, but I would
argue that, transposed to art, such acts still must be contemplated, and so we remain
within a realm of the pleasure of our own experience, inseparable from the
pleasure of being alive, or of being itself.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
For me, the fiction that seems to matter more than any
other—as the basis, I suppose, of all my pleasure in whatever I take pleasure
in—is “the growth of the critic’s mind,” where the critic is both author and
reader, and the “growth” is the interdependent reading of one by the other, of
a changing “figure” read against an abstract “scene,” for the sake of that
enduring fiction: consciousness.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gWcikxqBFWg/V3k9rv8GoxI/AAAAAAAAG0E/9btM-tXmOvwkiWJihK842cPrzu8mAwD0gCLcB/s1600/WIN_20160620_23_15_18_Pro.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gWcikxqBFWg/V3k9rv8GoxI/AAAAAAAAG0E/9btM-tXmOvwkiWJihK842cPrzu8mAwD0gCLcB/s320/WIN_20160620_23_15_18_Pro.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Donald Brownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06391024449222256377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28991791.post-84874158807374629752016-07-02T11:34:00.000-04:002016-12-16T11:32:44.502-05:00TOWARD CRITICISM, 1<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--><br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false"
DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="371">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footer"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
line-height:107%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Ylhlrio1vz0/V3fesVoleNI/AAAAAAAAGzk/Y3M_MrOGSmcBvXbIf_3Sb7w9F6q3BGvEQCLcB/s1600/Portrait_of_Henry_James_1913.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Ylhlrio1vz0/V3fesVoleNI/AAAAAAAAGzk/Y3M_MrOGSmcBvXbIf_3Sb7w9F6q3BGvEQCLcB/s320/Portrait_of_Henry_James_1913.jpg" width="221" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Finished re-reading <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Ambassadors</i>, a novel that makes me reflect on much while reading it. Began
it while at the beach in Maryland in early June, and my reading of it meandered
through the month. As I came to its conclusion, I found myself going back in time
to the era of my first big acquaintance with Henry James—in grad school in the early ‘90s—and
the way his fine distinctions made the air I breathed much finer. James brings
out all one’s most perspicacious reflections on others; one begins to sense all
those unuttered things he’s so fond of conjuring, with the result that people’s
complexity of action and speech and motive becomes sustaining, substantive, as
it so rarely is in the terms—the news as essentially tabloid gossip and
armchair analysis—by which the intellect of our day is guided. What reading
James’s bio, by Kaplan, in the spring added to my view is the degree to which
such things were already true in James’s day. His refined style was too much even
then.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The point being that all aspects of humanity seem only too
happy with the flattening of affect, of interior, of depth below the surface.
One lives in a world where statement must be as bald and wrung of nuance as
possible. The nuance, such as it is, aims always for the most pointed knee-jerk—or
tear-jerk—reaction. It’s a blandly cynical view of human motivation that tries
mostly for hysterical effect. Disaster, outrage, derisive actions, such are
the usual events. But it’s not simply a case of the rhetorical aim of such “coverage,”
there’s a flattening within the whole realm of art effects as well, something
that has become even more prevalent for me to the extent that I avoid “deeper”
films that I once sought out. The fabric of cinema no longer stretches as far
as it once did, for me. The tendency to take one’s contemporary products as
indicative of “the times” rules out other identifications, perhaps. Once upon a
time—young—I was happy to seek out what was further removed. Now, not so much
effort.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
But on that score, my regular viewing of theater—in CT and,
to some extent, in NYC—alters my sense of the present, the here and now. Theater
contains a sense of what audiences are and can be expected to be that I don’t
seek in cinema or televised spectacles. And moving back from the latter—in all
its works—opens up again the world of readings as experienced, for me,
primarily in the years in Philly—1980-83—and grad school, 1989-94, and fitfully
here and there while teaching, which, as I’ve remarked before, requires a
different kind of reading. The immersible kind of reading took place in the
years indicated, and even earlier, in high school as well, when I sought out
all those things not on the school curriculum. My undergrad years—1985-89—were
very profitable for reading and writing, so much so that it would be good to
return to that degree of clarity not only about what I should say, in writing,
but what I should read, and why. James at least returns me to my love of the
complex thought tellingly expressed. There aren’t many places one finds it so
well done and reading him opens up the prospect of immersing myself in some of
his critical writing as well.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The point here, I suppose, is how reading develops the mind
and I always feel mine increased via his writing, but I haven’t yet gotten to
the things this recent reading has directed my mind toward. I feel that I want
to put the thoughts into yet another “Midlife Crisis Lit” post on the blog—to join
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Herzog</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Steppenwolf</i>. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Ambassadors</i>,
in presenting Strether as the onlooking but central consciousness, traffics in
the wealth of association that the middle-aged, or upper-middle-aged, hero
brings to bear upon what he sees and, as it were, experiences vicariously. Need
it be so? Perhaps not, or not for all. But reason not the need. James sets up a
situation in which the need is as it is, the implicit acceptance of implicit
tendency. And “tendency” is exactly what James is best at delineating.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
We see, gradually, how all his characters swim in the same
substance—his prose, certainly—and that substance conditions what they glean.
They are capable of perceptions and that requires a vigilance to what others
say and do and, importantly, how they appear. It’s a world where one must take
note. What I took note of this time through was the extent to which James
sketches out the position of one who is not disposed to do more living but
looks to see what living has thus far shown him. The position of “taking stock”
from here on out may be premature, but one senses that it means more by coming
from a position of some renouncement. For me, playing some tapes from the
mid-late 1980s as I read the book’s final section and wrote this, I look back
on a long history of renouncement, of preemption, and that fact adds to my
delight in how James creates that kind of fully conscious but detached
position. It may be simply the position of the supreme novelist, but I can’t
lay claim to that, as James can, but, for me, I see in this 6th decade of life, it may be the position of the supreme critic.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The critic, in this sense, is the one who must see without
doing, who must say without bias to promote a benefit, who must determine the
worth of things on some reasonable, personal, but shifting scale. A critic, I
realize now, may be all I ever had convincing hope to be.<br />
<br />
Speaking of critics, here's Irving Howe on James: "And then, the style points to a certain musing: the mulling over of a mature intelligence, extremely worldly yet disenchanted with worldliness, holding these two attitudes in balance, looking upon human affairs from a notable distance, as if preparing for an exit from all the troubles these entail." And I was going to call this post "Musing," initially. </div>
Donald Brownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06391024449222256377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28991791.post-69146169144209530182015-02-18T15:17:00.000-05:002016-12-17T16:14:02.748-05:00WHATCHA READIN'? Americanah (2013); Winter Journal (2012)<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--><br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:DoNotShowRevisions/>
<w:DoNotPrintRevisions/>
<w:DoNotShowMarkup/>
<w:DoNotShowComments/>
<w:DoNotShowInsertionsAndDeletions/>
<w:DoNotShowPropertyChanges/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false"
DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="371">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footer"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
line-height:107%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zUY1JqGA6VI/VOTxM03WLGI/AAAAAAAAGfU/Hq7HF9DJYNI/s1600/kindle-fire-hdx-8-9-review-12.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zUY1JqGA6VI/VOTxM03WLGI/AAAAAAAAGfU/Hq7HF9DJYNI/s1600/kindle-fire-hdx-8-9-review-12.jpg" height="179" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Recent reading has included two books read in digital format
on my new, as of this year, Kindle Fire from amazon. The reason for this
acquisition is that this summer, even more than last summer, I’m going to be in
transit quite a bit. For over a week I’m going to be on a cruise ship and I do
not want to lug printed matter with me. Already the ease of carting around all
my students' papers on this little device makes it worthwhile, but I wanted to
see if I could actually get into reading full-length books on it. Seems I can
and that it may even be preferable for certain kinds of works.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
What kind? Easy to read books. So far I’ve read only recent,
21st-century, publications, though I do have quite a few “public domain”
classics loaded on for ease of reference, particularly a lot of Henry James. And
a few others that I paid a nominal price to have permanently loaded on the
device—the complete plays of Shakespeare, Nietzsche’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Thus Spoke Zarathustra</i>. The problem with “kindle editions” is that the
translation one might prefer may not be available, and even English language
classics may be available in lesser editions. Clearly, amazon wants you to buy new releases and the digital version of those are as good—or what
term one likes—as the printed versions. So, the two I read.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-4DlhXCdq1XI/VOTxSpz_JDI/AAAAAAAAGfc/SYyWCDSEAkM/s1600/img-bookschimamandaadichiejpg_145034194770.jpg_article_singleimage.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-4DlhXCdq1XI/VOTxSpz_JDI/AAAAAAAAGfc/SYyWCDSEAkM/s1600/img-bookschimamandaadichiejpg_145034194770.jpg_article_singleimage.jpg" height="238" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The first was <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Americanah</i>
by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, a book that was “in the cloud” because I got it
for my wife, who had a Kindle earlier than I. I thought it might interest her
because it’s written by a Nigerian and one of my wife’s friends/colleagues is
Nigerian, and it makes mention, in passing, of places we’ve lived in:
Princeton, Philadelphia, New Haven. What I didn’t know (or if I did, I forgot)
is that the main character in the book, Ifemelu, begins her career as a writer
by writing a blog about race, recording, particularly, her observations of U.S.
racism from an expatriate African’s perspective. Indeed, the portions included
as blog entries are some of the best parts of the book since it’s there that
some telling observations are made, and—isn’t that always true of blogs?—it’s
there that the honesty or directness of life as lived becomes most evident. I
say that as a criticism of some of the rest of the book—its fictive events—which
eventually come to seem like plot-stretchers or helpers, the narrative
equivalent of stuff you add to hamburger to make it feed more with less cost. Some
of what does happen comes off as deliberately courting the “chic-lit” genre, so
that Ifemelu’s trials and errors on the way to true romance, and success, and
self-acceptance are what keeps the pages turning. Along the way, there’s maybe
one character—an aunt who was for a time a mistress of a big political figure
in Nigeria—who stands out as memorable.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
And yet I kept reading. In part because it’s all very
readable and kindle-able. The best parts are what you might expect: seeing our
times and culture (including life, for her sometime boyfriend, as an undocumented worker in London) from the
view of an opinionated someone from somewhere else, and, even
better, seeing how she renders her native land. The fact that much of what is
happening wherever she is doesn’t please Adichie very much becomes part of the point, which
is to say, that she casts a cold eye, for the most part, on the way things are.
And that I enjoyed. The fact that, as a woman, the central character was quite
willing to show herself as flawed and, sometimes, frustrated with herself, went
a long way to make the character “sympathetic” even if annoying at times.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
“Plot,”
Henry James says, “is for the revelation of character,” and there are some “character-building”
plot turns, particularly as Ifemelu has to bottom-out in America before she can
ride to success—with a Princeton fellowship, though we don’t necessarily grasp
what makes her so worthy of her eventual good fortune. She snipes at the kind
of rhetoric one finds in the semiotics-inspired classroom of the time and, from
the point of view of such study, her writing seems rather lightweight, populist
even. In terms of the challenges of contemporary writing, it’s poised to be
easily digested, Oprah-style. Still, the point of view of the novel is very
smart, and seemingly candid. I say “seemingly” because elements of the story
are wholly contrived and that makes me question the validity of the whole.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ovSYiBIsbPA/VOTxaY3cywI/AAAAAAAAGfk/n2LQLxN0ucA/s1600/book3-570.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ovSYiBIsbPA/VOTxaY3cywI/AAAAAAAAGfk/n2LQLxN0ucA/s1600/book3-570.jpg" height="200" width="146" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
My other Kindle reading, to date, was Paul Auster’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Winter Journal</i> because it’s an assigned
text for Daily Themes this semester (Auster will be addressing the class in the
spring), the first time there’s ever been such a thing. As a choice it’s OK,
though I’d hoped for more reflection about writing, about how one goes about
inhabiting the page or thinking in prose or turning oneself into writing, or
even the kind of breaks that make for a successful career. Auster, clearly, is
someone who mastered all that long ago: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Invention
of Solitude</i> (1982), a memoir provoked by the death of Auster’s father, was
the start of it all. Well, sort of. Auster began as a poet but his
breakthrough, so far as literature is concerned, came when he started writing
prose. I’ve only read his fiction, till now.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
There’s always a slightly
disembodied aspect to Auster’s narrators and that’s true here too, even when
describing his own life and things like panic attacks and health crises, or the
loss of his mother, in 2002. Auster employs the second person so that even his
own experiences seem to be taking place in a kind of dream state (“you” is
always effective for describing the actor in a dream), especially a description
of an automobile accident that occurs with Auster at the wheel. It feels a bit
like watching a car go out of control—as they sometimes do—in a dream.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The best stuff is the reminiscences of things like the
different neighborhoods he’s lived in, or his mother, as a Scout master when
Auster was a boy, playing ball with the boys, or the way in which he is able to
delineate a lot of family history in a short space. One feels that Auster, in his
sixties now, sees how much of his life has been lucky. Avoiding things that
could have been fatal—like a fishbone that was able to be dislodged from his throat
in Paris—and experiences—like his wife—that have added immeasurably to his
life. But as a “journal,” the book doesn’t really work. Though there is a
certain feel of the quotidian to it, of the kind of glimpsing of life as its
lived that we find in real journals, Auster is not interested in revealing
anything. He seems to think that being candid about a masturbatory youth or the
fact that his right hand does many things he’d not want to be caught doing amounts
to “telling it like it is.” I don’t doubt that Auster is happily married. But I
know something about married life, and I don’t believe in his description of
it. It sounds very much like the sort of thing you write and publish when you
know your wife and her friends and relations, and your children, may read it.
So, not a “journal” in that sense at all. Rather a reserved and retiring
performance. Not Auster’s final bow, I’m sure, but perhaps his final bow in
memoir mode.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
But even with my cavils, I enjoyed reading it, if only because
it’s interesting to “hear” someone who is able to reflect in such measured
tones about his life. Who can describe great pleasures and howls of distress
with the same level of diction and inflection. It’s also a book that—and for
this it may be good for students, even those not very interested in what
someone their grandparents’ age has to say about life—shows how precarious is
the writer’s life, and how much it is, primarily, a matter of writing, whatever
else it is. This isn’t a book about how one builds a career; it’s a book about
some of what goes on behind the scenes during the writing of books. The odd
state of even a successful writer’s life is probably best captured in a moment
when Auster, in a fit of anger and frustration, flings his bag, containing 70
pages of his new novel and a copy of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Le
Monde</i> that includes a feature about him, at a cab the driver of which has
refused to convey Auster, his wife, their infant daughter, and their many bags,
to their destination: things can be going well, and you may be finally getting
your due, but you still can’t get a Parisian cabbie to treat you with respect.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-fakNB4A2RDs/VOTxkdI2CII/AAAAAAAAGfs/JExZwLuvufQ/s1600/maxresdefault.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-fakNB4A2RDs/VOTxkdI2CII/AAAAAAAAGfs/JExZwLuvufQ/s1600/maxresdefault.jpg" height="180" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br />
<br />Donald Brownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06391024449222256377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28991791.post-42725309001537570412015-02-12T13:31:00.001-05:002024-02-02T16:23:20.207-05:00WHATCHA WATCHIN'? 11. Groundhog Day (1993)<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--><br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:DoNotShowRevisions/>
<w:DoNotPrintRevisions/>
<w:DoNotShowMarkup/>
<w:DoNotShowComments/>
<w:DoNotShowInsertionsAndDeletions/>
<w:DoNotShowPropertyChanges/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false"
DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="371">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footer"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
line-height:107%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
</style>
<![endif]--><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“Oh, let's not spoil it!”</i>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Groundhog Day</i>
(1993); directed by Harold Ramis; written by Harold Ramis and Danny Rubin, from
a story by Rubin; produced by Harold Ramis and Trevor Albert; music by George
Fenton; cinematography by John Bailey; editing by Pembroke J. Herring;
distributed by Columbia Pictures; for full details and awards, go <a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0107048/awards?ref_=tt_awd" target="_blank">here</a>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-h5c7L5vnCRQ/VNzv2_fVb6I/AAAAAAAAGeQ/UCwm0ghQBqQ/s1600/Groundhog-Day-1993.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="233" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-h5c7L5vnCRQ/VNzv2_fVb6I/AAAAAAAAGeQ/UCwm0ghQBqQ/s1600/Groundhog-Day-1993.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Yes, Groundhog Day has come and gone. It’s a day that never
made much impression on me until Harold Ramis, with co-screenwriter Danny
Rubin, created the film of that name. It’s such a striking “celebration” of the
day that it became at once a tradition in my house to watch it every year when
the otherwise easily ignorable “holiday” comes around. And this year—2015—was particularly
fitting as we were in great expectation, here in the Northeast, of a “big
blizzard thing.” We did get snowfall in Connecticut that was not negligible,
and which, compared to predictions, was a bit more inconvenient than the “historic” storm of the previous week (what was that line about “count the storms of winter”?). Anyway, there is plenty of snow in bulk on the streets to foil
parking and travel, and walking the sidewalks requires a certain amount of strategy.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-1PHynr-YREY/VNzwBNuaogI/AAAAAAAAGeY/nO47a4qo3Zs/s1600/HaroldRamis2.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="204" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-1PHynr-YREY/VNzwBNuaogI/AAAAAAAAGeY/nO47a4qo3Zs/s1600/HaroldRamis2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
So, why not resuscitate my “50 Since 1970” series with a
choice that makes it on because, yeah, I watch it at least once a year and it’s
well on its way to “beloved” status. We lost Harold Ramis last year, in
February no less, who was a comic presence well-liked since his brief stint
with the initial cast—he was one of the chief writers—of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Second City TV</i>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Ramis’s odd-ball genius is best represented by <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Groundhog Day</i>, a film rather sui
generis. It’s a comedy of (bad) manners, it’s a romantic comedy, it’s a comic
quasi-<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Twilight Zone</i> situation. News
weatherman, and perennial misanthrope, Phil Connors (Bill Murray) gets trapped
in a time warp that means he has to keep reliving February 2nd in Punxsutawny,
PA, home of the groundhog, also named Phil, whose ability to see his shadow predicts the number of weeks to spring. Phil is there to cover the
happy-go-lucky shenanigans with his new gee-willikers-style producer, Rita (Andie
McDowell), and sniping camera-man, Larry (an essential Chris Elliott). Phil is
fed up with just about everything and lets us know it in what is still one of
Bill Murray’s best performances to date. Murray rose to fame as a lovable
wise-ass, his knowing smirk one of the key features of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Saturday Night Live</i> during his time on the show. He often plays the
type who doesn’t suffer fools gladly and is all-too-ready to play anyone as a
fool. People tend to become his straightmen, willy-nilly. That’s very much the
case here and his chagrin at getting stuck in Punxsutawny due to that blizzard
is palpable enough. Then we get to experience the ultimate bummer when he
realizes—with a range of emotions, from panic to glee to depression to
delusions of grandeur, and, finally, acceptance and humility—that he is stuck
in the same day, possibly forever.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jSAcaVjXFqY/VNzwLcvEFEI/AAAAAAAAGeg/z0jppFIQyCY/s1600/The-One-Thing-Preventing-You-From-Becoming-A-Success.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jSAcaVjXFqY/VNzwLcvEFEI/AAAAAAAAGeg/z0jppFIQyCY/s1600/The-One-Thing-Preventing-You-From-Becoming-A-Success.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Do you ever feel that other people are little wind-up robots
doing and saying what they’ve been programmed to say and do? Well, that’s very
much the case here as Phil gets to alter the script only so much. Everyone else
is more or less in a state of repetition compulsion while he gets to be the
free agent, within the limitations of the day and place. We get glimpses of
just how far afield Phil can take his furloughs from his assignment: since he
remembers what happens on each successive Groundhog Day and everyone else
experiences the day for the first time, he’s able to lift huge sums of money,
seduce a local woman as though he knew her in high school, joy ride without
fear of lasting reprisal, eat like there’s no consequences to indulging his
sweet tooth, and, when it all becomes too much, try offing himself in a variety
of ways. He also begins to take an interest in Rita, who he initially brushed
off as too lightweight and goody-goody.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-taVMEyYD5bM/VNzwUEleTJI/AAAAAAAAGeo/oWC58YCzVso/s1600/GroundSneeuw2.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="227" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-taVMEyYD5bM/VNzwUEleTJI/AAAAAAAAGeo/oWC58YCzVso/s1600/GroundSneeuw2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
There follows the kind of sequences that make this a good
date movie too. Everyone knows those “first date” blunders that some never
manage to recover from. As when Phil sneers at Rita’s major in college (French
poetry) or when, winning near the goal on a few tries thanks to spontaneous
laughter on her part, he tries vainly to recreate “the moment.” This is where
the subtlety of the script becomes apparent: how many ways can Phil be foiled
in trying to fuck Rita? Every way possible until, finally, he actually becomes,
by befriending everyone and acting as an agent of mercy in any situation that
could prove harmful for others on that day in that town, the kind of guy she
could fall in love with. At which point Phil is no longer the Phil we started
with. It’s as if Sisyphus has to keep rolling that damned rock up the hill till
he figures a few things out.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-b8-mV8msaEg/VNzw0_59fAI/AAAAAAAAGfA/ooel7xFlZTM/s1600/gal-groundhog-day-murray2.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="230" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-b8-mV8msaEg/VNzw0_59fAI/AAAAAAAAGfA/ooel7xFlZTM/s1600/gal-groundhog-day-murray2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Along the way there are many, many replays that repay the
attention, so much so that the film becomes “one of those movies”: the kind
that gets referenced in general interaction, its lines and situations applicable
to the business of living “stuck in the same place where nothing you did makes
any difference.” At one point, Phil, driven to despair by his inability to manipulate
Rita—even after he sincerely tries to earn her affection—gives us <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">the</i> mantra for February: “It’s going to
be cold, it’s going to be gray, and it’s going to last you the rest of your
life.” </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The setting of the film, the homey Illinois town that stands-in
for Punxsutawny, looks better as time goes on. It’s a bit like another town we revisit
each year, where Jimmy Stewart has a dark night of the soul on Christmas eve,
which means it has average people doing average things with an average degree
of acceptance of their place in life. Phil is the one who doesn’t get it, until
he does. One of my favorite scenes along that journey is a brief shot of him
sitting in the diner reading in the afternoon. It’s a glimpse of the kind of
thing I associate with being in grad school (the film was released not long after I took my generals), where a good part of the day is
spent reading and the world around you tends to become a warm cocoon of people
doing their appointed tasks. In the scene, Murray looks up and looks around
with that exact feeling of gratitude to the here and now that I recall feeling a
few times. And one of the books on the table is <i>Ulysses</i> by James Joyce, who
just happened to be born on February 2nd, and whose masterpiece examines one day in the life of an average guy.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
And that, I suppose, is a way of saying that this is a
literate comedy too. Something that was hard enough to find after the run Woody
Allen had of excellent films to the end of the Eighties. At one point, Phil,
newly inspired in his groundhog coverage, cites Chekhov, and later learns to
play Rachmaninoff. That detail alone suggests how long, in terms of his experience,
this purgatory lasts. If you ever need a figure for what it means to atone,
this film should do it.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8K1J4WHHzUY/VNzwfZZZijI/AAAAAAAAGew/ybDMNkCkYyQ/s1600/008194H2.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8K1J4WHHzUY/VNzwfZZZijI/AAAAAAAAGew/ybDMNkCkYyQ/s1600/008194H2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
There’s great support for Murray too—from McDowell of the
girl-next-door charm, the occasional hot pout and the leonine hair, to Chris
Elliott’s smart-alecky sidekick, to Stephen Tobolowsky as the unforgettable Ned
“Needle-nose” Ryerson, a “giant leech” in the form of a rather squirrelly
insurance salesman, to Bill’s older brother Brian Doyle-Murray as the fond Mayor
of the town, to a cameo by Ramis as a doctor consulted early on, to Dan
Pasquesi as a timid shrink, to Marita Geraghty as the perennial high-school girl,
Nan-cy, Nan-cy Tay-lor!, and don’t overlook an early sighting of Michael
Shannon, Oscar-nominated actor (for <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Revolutionary
Road</i>), as Fred, the guy so buzzed about getting Wrestle-mania tickets.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Warm, funny, quirky, with enough fed-uppedness for just
about any February, <i>Groundhog Day</i> is certainly one of the best comedies of the
Nineties, one of the best “feelgood movies” of all time, and a big step along
the way for Bill Murray from playing snarky, fatuous guys—for which <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ghostbusters</i> is still the best—to playing
guys “with soul,” as for instance in Wes Anderson movies. In fact, that
transition is the point of this movie.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_hWIYVp5Pd4/VNzwm5KqC5I/AAAAAAAAGe4/TyKV1MZ6DLw/s1600/groundhog_day_1993_720x405_188153.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="360" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_hWIYVp5Pd4/VNzwm5KqC5I/AAAAAAAAGe4/TyKV1MZ6DLw/s1600/groundhog_day_1993_720x405_188153.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>50 Since 1970</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br />
<br />Donald Brownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06391024449222256377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28991791.post-21730529827094671722015-01-30T12:33:00.000-05:002016-12-17T16:12:44.205-05:00THE SNOW MAN -- Wallace Stevens<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--><br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:DoNotShowRevisions/>
<w:DoNotPrintRevisions/>
<w:DoNotShowMarkup/>
<w:DoNotShowComments/>
<w:DoNotShowInsertionsAndDeletions/>
<w:DoNotShowPropertyChanges/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]-->
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-aZoIPriWryo/VMu5vpklvOI/AAAAAAAAGdE/aCs80k7W2Io/s1600/stevens1922.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-aZoIPriWryo/VMu5vpklvOI/AAAAAAAAGdE/aCs80k7W2Io/s1600/stevens1922.JPG" height="320" width="200" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
An irresistible choice, I suppose, given that we’ve just
experienced what was purported to be an historic storm, here in the New England
area. In New Haven, not so much. Still. There is snow out there, and more to
come.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Wallace Stevens’ “<a href="http://www.poetryfoundation.org/poem/174502" target="_blank">The Snow Man</a>” is a bit deceptive, as a
poem. The title and the first line about “a mind of winter” suggest that this
might be one of those American poems that school children learn, so they can go
about reciting something every time it snows. The early twentieth-century
equivalent of that song from <i>Frozen</i>, perhaps.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Stevens isn’t the kind of poet to write that kind of poem.
We can leave that to Frost, I suppose, with “Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy
Evening.” The implied end to all activity in the latter poem is more or less
the starting place here. The “mind of winter,” the “listener in the snow.”
These are “the snow man,” of course—and the idea of giving sentience to a snow
man is certainly the kind of thing that would accord with popular entities like
“Frosty the Snowman.” But Stevens isn’t after some cutesy idea of “how would a
snow man feel.” He’s after something like the thoughts of a man of snow. A man
who is part of the landscape (the way we all will be part of the landscape,
some day), a landscape of snow.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The opening idea, then, is a supposition: “one must have a
mind of winter” in order “to regard the frost and the boughs / Of the
pine-trees crusted with snow;”—that semi-colon lets us know the thought is
continuing while letting us “regard” what the mind of winter regards, or,
rather what having “a mind of winter” would enable us to regard: a frozen
landscape. Can we not look at it without a mind of winter? Perhaps we could, and that’s
why the thought must continue:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>And have been cold a long time</i><br />
<i>To behold the junipers shagged with ice,</i><br />
<i>The spruces rough in the distant glitter</i><br />
<br />
<i>Of the January sun; and not to think</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>Of any misery in the sound of the wind</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
We finally, after another semi-colon, arrive at the
conclusion of the thought, but not before we are offered a restatement of “a
mind of winter”—“cold a long time”—and another statement of the frozen
landscape. The lines keep sketching the visual riches of the scene, cold as it
might be: “boughs of the pine-trees crusted with snow,” “junipers shagged with
ice,” and “spruces rough”—pines, junipers, spruces. There are living things out
there in the snow. But our attention is on “one” who is able to regard all this—including,
wonderfully, “the distant glitter / Of the January sun,” a palpable presence
that is just enough to illuminate and not heat—and “not to think / Of any misery
in the sound of the wind.” </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Warm in our homes, we tend to hear misery in the sound of
the wind. It sounds frightful at times. Out there in the elements, we imagine,
such a wind would be doing us a mischief. And so we realize what Stevens is
getting at: we must imagine ourselves out there in the cold and the snow as in
our natural element (as even the trees might not be) and find no misery in it at all. Now we have some idea of
what “a mind of winter” means.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Then Stevens, as is his wont, decides to expatiate a bit on
that sound. It isn’t just that “one” doesn’t think of misery in the sound of
the wind, but we must also not hear misery: “In the sound of a few leaves, / Which is the sound of the land /
Full of the same wind / That is blowing in the same bare place.”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
That verse is a definite deflation, to my mind. Its
repetitions: “in the sound,” “sound of the land,” “same wind,” “same bare place”
seem to retard our progress. We step in place, we walk slowly. That sound, that
same wind, continues to blow. The place is haunted by this lack of progress,
lack, we should say, of volition. Sentience without volitional movement. A snow
man frozen in place. And yet not hearing misery in “the sound of the land.” (Much might be said about what kind of land that is, and why “land” comes in there, but let's keep this short.)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
And so that incessant wind, with its “few leaves,” stirs the
sense of the living and the dead, makes us ponder what we are—if we aren’t
trees or leaves or wind. We are land in a bare place. We are snow. We are replete in this landscape that we
share our substance with. But we will not stay long.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>For the listener, who listens in the snow,</i><br />
<i>And, nothing himself, beholds</i><br />
<i>Nothing that is not there and the nothing that is.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
We may, if we like, think that “one” has been a human listener
all along, standing in the snow to observe and to hear what one may hear—much as
Frost’s pilgrim does, taking in the snowy woods. But our listener here is also a man
of snow, or conscious of himself as a man of snow—“nothing himself.” And so the
repetition of “nothing” creates a tripartite sense. He is “nothing himself”—a nobody,
anonymous, but even more: a non-entity. Devoid of character, in a void. Or
rather perceiving, in the midst of the landscape we’ve already been asked to
imagine, a void.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
He sees only what is there. This is a stress that Stevens
comes back to often: the effort, on the part of our senses, our notions, our
ideas, to see only what is there. Our snow man, our mind of winter, does that. It
has access to these basic elements, these unavoidable aspects of reality, and
yet . . . such a mind, listening with no thought of misery, no sadness, also perceives “the
nothing that is (there).” That nothing that is here as well. Wherever you find
yourself, on this January day. The nothing that is us, because we are nothing
ourselves. The nothing that, being nothing, we are. The nothing to which the
snows go, eventually.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>Hamlet: That's a fair thought to lie between maids' legs.</i><br />
<i>Ophelia: What is, my lord?</i><br />
<i>Hamlet: Nothing. </i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dz8rIpol6ZrQnyf5QellaMPBQP1ylCj_9h0ZsIAZyAij5hlHleMjNUbVXRYp9X3dKIzQA2dZTNZQ-E' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br />
<br />Donald Brownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06391024449222256377noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28991791.post-25153925665166362782015-01-23T20:10:00.000-05:002016-12-16T11:57:11.205-05:00WHATCHA WATCHIN'? Boyhood (2014)<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--><br />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:DoNotShowRevisions/>
<w:DoNotPrintRevisions/>
<w:DoNotShowMarkup/>
<w:DoNotShowComments/>
<w:DoNotShowInsertionsAndDeletions/>
<w:DoNotShowPropertyChanges/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false"
DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="371">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footer"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
line-height:107%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
People told me I would like it. I don’t really remember who.
“The part when the dad is commenting on Wilco to his son” or maybe it’s the
scene when the dad gives his son, on his fifteenth birthday, “the black album,” a
carefully arranged and burned double disc set comprised of the best of the
ex-Beatles. Sure, we all have contemplated such an album. I know how I’d lay it
out . . . and not like the dad in the film did.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ZhtCGSJMBdg/VMLwJb_waWI/AAAAAAAAGcc/s992P5kS4Tk/s1600/Richard_Linklater_Boyhood_movie.jpg.CROP.promovar-mediumlarge.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ZhtCGSJMBdg/VMLwJb_waWI/AAAAAAAAGcc/s992P5kS4Tk/s1600/Richard_Linklater_Boyhood_movie.jpg.CROP.promovar-mediumlarge.jpg" height="268" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
But then the dad in the film really isn’t very swift. And,
as one who has never been intrigued or entertained by Ethan Hawke, I’m
surprised to say I found him the best thing in the film. He at least is never
bowed down, always puts a good face on things for his kids. Granted, he’s only
a partial care-giver, the weekend dad, but we never see him being a total
asshole like every other guy his ex-wife falls for. Eventually he ends up with
a new wife, a new kid, in-laws who are Christers, and he had to sell off his
classic black GTO for a mini-van. And yet he faces it all with sly
self-deprecation. At the start, he’s already separated from Olivia (Patricia
Arquette), who mainly just looks dazed and needy—except when in front of the
college class she teaches when her son is in middle school.
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The film has been hailed and acclaimed—mainly, it seems, for
the gimmick of filming at intervals over a twelve-year period, 2002-2013, so
that the child Mason (Ellar Coltrane) and his sister Sam (Lorelei Linklater, the
director’s child) age from grade school to college. Wow. But if you’ve watched
an ongoing series like <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Sopranos</i>,
you saw AJ undergo a similar transformation in almost ten years on the air. And that family, unlike the family
in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Boyhood</i>, is at times exciting, at
times entertaining. The height of entertainment here is when little Sam mimics
Britney Spears to annoy her brother. And that’s in the first half hour.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
It’s a slice-of-life film, alright. It starts to feel like
that holiday visit you sometimes find yourself undergoing with some relations
you barely keep up with because they’re so damn boring. Oh, did you ever get
that masters? Oh, you’re dating your professor? Oh you married him
and made a family of your two kids and his two? Real Brady Bunch stuff, huh?
Oh, he drinks. Oh, he smacks you? So, you moved out on him, wow, good for you.
Oh, so now you’re a professor and dating a student? Oh and he was in the military and works in
a correction facility. In Texas? Uh huh. Listen, I gotta go.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
And that’s just mom, who at least keeps managing one train
wreck after another. We never quite learn why she dumped good ol’ Mason Senior (Hawke) except
he was probably real self-centered or something. But the main story here—hence
the film’s title—is supposed to be, I suppose, the journey of a child into a
man. The problem is Linklater forgot to write a character for his main
character. The kid is pretty minimal. Even when he has to go to school with a
buzz-cut enforced by his mom’s second husband, he doesn’t get any shit. Even
when they run out on the abusive psych-prof dad and Mason has to be the new kid
in school, it’s all OK. Because the film is more or less PG (except for
underage drinking and smoking), we’re spared anything like masturbation or awkward
first times with girls. As a senior in high school, Mason kinda gets dumped when his heart-throb, Sheena, winds
up in bed with a lacrosse player. Not even a football player. In Texas.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The entire film is so anodyne you find yourself waiting for
something dramatic to happen—as it sometimes does to people in real life. A
bout of serious illness. An injury. Hey, maybe he’s looking at the phone photo
of a pig a little too long while driving, he could have an accident. Firearms!
You could shoot someone’s eye out, kid! Nada. Even his boss at the restaurant
he works at as a busboy isn’t really an asshole. Folks are mostly decent if you
only see ‘em in little clips.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Acting isn’t really something you can talk about here
because mainly the actors just get older. As a kid, Coltrane has good screen
presence and as a teen who wants to be serious about photography he’s able to
field with nice understated aplomb some bully-ish advice from a teacher. As a
kid going to college with a scholarship he’s so low key you’d welcome a visit
from any of the stoners or jocks or nerds in Linklater’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Dazed and Confused</i>. Those kids were amusing, but then, they were
portraying Linklater’s generation. Linklater knew them intimately. He knew how
to find them amusing, looking back. Portraying his children’s generation, he
suffers from “nice dad” complex. It’s all good! And it
wouldn’t be very sporting to mock his progeny and their peers, would it? (Admittedly, there is a scene with kids hanging out with slightly older kids as in <i>Dazed</i>, and Mason Jr. comes home a bit stoned to encounter Mom much as Mitch does in <i>Dazed</i>, so, yeah. But the charm of the replay is a bit offset by the bland fact that, from Linklater's point of view, nothing has changed. The kids are alright, always.)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-SjhZRCUc6dQ/VMLwXtd611I/AAAAAAAAGck/FuNAunw8pKI/s1600/cdn.indiewire.com.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-SjhZRCUc6dQ/VMLwXtd611I/AAAAAAAAGck/FuNAunw8pKI/s1600/cdn.indiewire.com.jpg" height="280" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
The most you can say is that the film is a little mean to
the Mrs. among us. Like maybe Linklater has had his fill of the serial wife
trying to avoid being a single mom, creating ad hoc “families” while trying to
get her act together. She does, or seems to, but to her falls a badly written late
scene where she basically dumps on her off-to-college son for leaving the latest
nest she provided. Hers is the distress of the woman who had kids before she
grew up (had the first at 23 apparently, and then another a few years later) and
now feels pointless because her kids are grown up. But her cry “I just thought
there’d be more to it” extends to the entire film; we hear her. She’s had a
pretty basic life and has been stuck for over a decade in a dull part. And we’ve
been watching 12 years go by for almost three hours.
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Linklater began his career with <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Slacker</i>, an exploration of a “day in the life” of Austin, TX, that
kept its feet moving. It never stayed too long with any of its oddball
bohemians and so they all remained more or less likeable, people you met at a
party who said something amusing you might still remember. Somewhere along the
way he made a career of filming Ethan Hawke and Julie Delpy at intervals to
keep adding chapters to what began as a “cute meet/cute date” movie <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Before Sunrise</i> (1995) and then tried to
be something more. As if life could really be revealed on a date. It worked the
first time because everyone has that fantasy of a fulfilling “one nighter” with
a stranger where it’s all about potential and promise. But “catching up” is not
like that. It’s pretty much a bummer for the listener, and probably even for
the participants (if they were real).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
If the characters in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Boyhood</i>
were real, not scripted—like the kids in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Seven Up!</i>
and its sequels—then it might be interesting to see what becomes of this
family, as examples of the era. Then, if it’s dull, we can blame real life, and
we could even have the kids talk to the camera, confiding to us what it’s like,
from their perspective in the moment. Instead, we get Mason driving a car, inveighing
about online life and the robotic nature of the gadget generation to his
blandly smiling girlfriend. Linklater’s daughter, Lorelei, besides doing the
funny Spears imitation (maybe he should’ve just made a film about her as a
kid), gets a good scene where Mason Snr embarrasses her, in adolescence, by
suggesting her boyfriend wear a rubber, and another good scene when mom tells
the kids they have to cull whatever they want from the house she’s selling out
from under them after they go off to college. The look on the girl’s face,
listening to yet more obtuse justification from this woman who seems utterly
lacking in interiority, is full of internal remorse and a stoic sense of how
not to give into the pain.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Linklater likes to end films with sunrise, the morning
after, a trip to the outdoors. We get both in this one, when, first, Mason
stays up all night, rite de passage-style, with Sheena and they sleep together
in his sister’s dorm room while she’s away. Later, he and his first college
roommate and two nice girls hike into the wilderness and stare off into the
distance, but even when supposedly on mushrooms these kids are polite, bland,
matter-of-fact. No wise asses, no aggression, no depression. I guess angst is
so 20th Century.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Makes you wonder whatever happened to the kids left with
belligerent, drinking dad, the psych prof. What was he so angry about? That he
was trapped in a dumb role? I wonder if he and Olivia ever had a single
conversation. I wonder if the kids of the father and the kids of the mother
ever felt awkward living together. I wonder if Mason or the other kid had any
fantasies they’d be ashamed of us learning about. I wonder if they ever
listened to any music on their own and felt it defined their generation.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In a sense the film is a major statement: Living through
childhood is simply biological. It doesn’t mean a thing. You just got to get
through it. Kinda like watching this film.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-R5XsFuuvUe4/VMLwsQvv8HI/AAAAAAAAGcs/-ycbBQIycgI/s1600/boyhood3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-R5XsFuuvUe4/VMLwsQvv8HI/AAAAAAAAGcs/-ycbBQIycgI/s1600/boyhood3.jpg" height="280" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<i>You can buy a home of your own / Learn to drive and everything / You'll get your share / When you're a boy</i>--David Bowie, "Boys Keep Swinging" (1979)<br />
<br />
[Feb. 10: This just in: Kajsa directed me to <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JzhpbXQDl6g" target="_blank">this clip</a> of online dudes discussing the extraordinary cinematic feat that is <i>Boyhood</i>. Yup. 12 years.] <br />
<br />Donald Brownhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06391024449222256377noreply@blogger.com0